John Lockes Theory Of Personal Identity Philosophy Essay

John Lockes Theory Of Personal Identity Philosophy attempt For should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the sense of the princes past life, enter and inform the corpse of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his birth soul, everyone sees he would be the same soul with the prince, accountable still for the princes actions unless who would say it was the same creation?2In this compositors case Locke shows that the benevolent bole is not necessary in individualised indistinguishability operator since you could exhaust the same mortal in two different bodies. Since the physical body bottomlandnot maintain someonealised identity operator, Locke comes to the conclusion that it must be the mental horizon of hu humanityity that retains personal identity.1It is at this point that the emphasis of identity is hardened on the psychological rather than the physical aspect of life as stated in Lockes second book This may show us wherein personal identity consists not in th e identity of substance, but in the identity of consciousness3 Lockes next point was to differentiate mingled with a man and a person. He uses the example of a rational talking parrot and comp atomic number 18s it to an organism with the same shape as a human beingness though it is unable to engage in rational discourse.1 This thought sample is used by Locke to demonstrate that rationality is not an essential severalise of a man. Since rational discourse was not a necessary bureau of man. Locke expressed identity using mostthing else. Thus, Locke finally narrowed down the implicit in(p) part of personal identity to consciousness. Lockes definition of conscious is as follows understanding is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for a morally vital sense of personal identity.3 Locke describes the essence of self as being their consciousness, which he states as something distinguishable for every thinking thing. This consciousness is described as the sameness of a ration al being. The unique attribute of consciousness is that allows it to retain personal identity is that it jakes be extended arsewards to any past action or thought. It is this characteristic that Locke uses to pardon his theory of personal identity. 4Locke also disagrees with the Cartesian view of the soul, which held that a mans soul was of an entirely different essence than his body, focusing more on the connector of the same conscious thought. Therefore, Locke reaches the conclusion that personal identity can only be achieved by psychological continuity. As a result of this, psychological continuity relies only on the beings ability to consciously look back on their previous existence and be able to distinguish between conscious thought and memory. This distinction is extremely important to because Locke is frequently double when dealing with both terms. When he refers to conscious memory, he implies that it re sacrifices the consciousness of a past experience. Conscious t hought, on the other hand, involves perceiving that one perceives. Locke explains that when we depart anything, we are always conscious of it. Psychological continuity, as Locke describes it, also insinuates that a person who exists at one time is indistinguishable with a person who exists at a second time only if the first person remembers some past experience that connects the second person to the second time. Therefore, Lockes definition of personal identity centers around the continuity of the consciousness, which is able to relate past and present memories and retain some sense of self awareness.Now that I obtain explained and given an analysis of Lockes theory of personal identity, I will today evaluate the validity of Lockes theory by proving that his account of personal identity is incorrect. Lockes billets contain flaws from their conception. I receive a great difficulty with Lockes recital of self-conscious awareness as the main constituent of personal identity sinc e intrinsically that consciousness is available only to each unique self. collectable to this dilemma, third party juries will be subject to error in many cases. In order to further explain this point, I will divide my argument into two questions what does personal identity consist of and how can one tell a person is the same? First, since Locke defined personal identity as a persons consciousness, I will use that as my basis for this argument. Thus, since we can only tell a person through their physical aspect, it becomes impossible to distinguish if someone elses consciousness resides in the person you are looking at. An example would be if a person robbed a bank but wasnt conscious of the fact that he performed the act in the first place. According to Locke, the man should be free of all charges since he wasnt the same person who robbed the bank. This however is preposterous if in a court of justice there is evidence of that person robbing the bank, the only exception being if the person could prove they lost consciousness throughout the event. Another error ready within Lockes argument centers around the fact that even though a person can switch bodies, it is the consciousness that determines the identity of the bodies. Thus it is dispatch that while Lockes statements seem perfectly rational in theory, practically though, they have no weight. Another flaw found in Lockes argument, is in how he leaves out particular cases where his theory of psychological continuity cannot apply. First however, I must define the distinction between person and man. Locke defines man as a living body of some particular shape. A person, on the other hand, is an intelligent thinking being that can know itself as itself the same thinking thing in different times and places.4An example of this would be humans who remain in vegetative conditions and show no mental faculties whatsoever. According to Lockes description of personal identity these human beings are not considered p ersons since nothing can be discovered from their past in order for that individual to define their psychological identity. Lockes argument between man and person becomes too controversial since the definition of both terms can never truly be settled. In conclusion, after providing examples to counterclaim Lockes argument that personal identity originates from psychological continuity it is clear that Lockes view on identity is too flawed to be correct when defining identity for each person.1William, Uzgalis. John Locke The Immateriality of the Soul and Personal Identity (Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy). Stanford encyclopedia of Philosophy. http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/supplement.html (accessed October 13, 2010).2Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding record book Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto Dover Publications, 2005. 517-518.3John, Locke. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding multitude Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto Dover Publications, 2005. 514.4John, Locke. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding bulk Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto Dover Publications, 2005. 515.sBibliographyUzgalis, William. John Locke The Immateriality of the Soul and Personal Identity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/supplement.html (accessed October 13, 2010).Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding record Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto Dover Publications, 2005. 517-518.Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding vividness Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto Dover Publications, 2005. 514.Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding mickle Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto Dover Publications, 2005. 515.

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF)

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short con bring ination (BSES-SF)The objectives of this charter were to de nameine the honestness and daring of a Malayanan-version questionnaire Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) among answerings.METHODS musicianTarget population for this acquire is primiparous bring forths who gave birth to a single, healthy, term child who were planning on wet-nurseing were eligible to participate in this study. The study applied convenience sampling, in which investigator recruited volunteer primiparous mother who sw all toldow delivered impair and hospitalized at postpartum ward, Hospital USM between one(a) to collar days. Mothers were excluded if they had a factor that could signififannytly interfere with breastfeeding, such as a mother whose illness, have maternity complication or infant admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Cargon Unit (NICU) and the infant had a modify that prevented ingestion of breast milk via the breast such as chap palate.Sample SizeFor the sample surface, the study needed 38 of respondents to confirm the questionnaire base on the internal dead body of the items from previous study. Cronbachs of import allow for be employd to measure reliability because it is the most common form of internal consistency reliability coefficient. The Cronbachs alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the items from previous study was 0.89 (Wutke, Dennis, 2006). The sample size was determined by victimization Stats ToDo softw be. The questionnaire exit be administered to primiparous mothers which breastfed their baby after delivered to one week postpartum. Sample size calculation whereType I Error () = 0.05 Cronbachs of import expected or required = 0.8 Power (1-) = 0.8 Testing Null guessing against Ref Alpha of = 0.6 Number of items = 14 Delta (= (1-Ref Alpha) / (1 Alpha)) = 2Sample size required = 38InstrumentBreastfeeding Self-Efficacy ScaleThe confidence level will be measured by using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form (BSES-SF) which was adapted from a previous study (Dennis, 1999, 2003) with the permission from the author. The BSES-SF is used to assess breastfeeding confidence among mothers intending to breastfeed and has had extensive use and military rating in a wide mixture of settings and populations (Dai Dennis, 2003 Dennis, 1999 Dennis, 2002 Dennis, 2003 Dennis, Hodnett, Gallop, Chalmers, 2002). Breastfeeding confidence and self-efficacy have sometimes been used interchangeably in introductory literature. For the purposes of this study, the term of confidence is preferred. It is a 14 item self-report agent unquestionable to measure a mothers perceived ability to breastfeed her infant. All items are preceded by the phrase I can ever and use a five-point Likert scale for rating from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 ( everlastingly confident). peaks ratings will be summed to produce a total score from 14 to 70, with higher wads i ndicating higher confidence. The means score points will be used as the cut-off point between high and low scorers. This instrument is based on the breastfeeding self-efficacy theory, and was synthesized from a longer beak. It has been utilized in women as early as 36 weeks gestation and found to predict breastfeeding continuation up to terzetto months postpartum. Dennis, (2003) who also were using the BSES-SF, found that BSES-SF was a good bill tool for evaluating breastfeeding self-efficacy. The original BSES-SF (English version), the Cronbachs alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the items is 0.89 (Wutke Dennis, 2006). This questionnaire will concur about six to ten minutes to fill up.Translation answerThe Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form (BSES-SF) in English version will be translated into discipline language which is Malay language in order to help the respondent understand the questions. The variation was through by two people who are experts in bo th English and Malay language using bet on translation technique. The questionnaire was sent to linguistic department and two bilingual experts were invited in translation process. Back translation is the process of translating a document that has already been translated into a foreign language back to the original language. Thus, through the translation and back-translation process and expert review, minor alterations were do to the instrument to mitigate limpidity and eliminate cultural bias and translation inaccuracies. Then, the content and face validity will be done.VALIDITY probeContent validityValidityis theabilityof aninstrumenttomeasurewhatit is supposedtomeasure. This questionnaire has been authorize by five experts from obstetrics and gynecology specialist, midwifery, and health education, linguistics and mathematical statistician to determine the validity of the content. The experts were invited to review, evaluated and provide feedback on the content of each BSES-S F item. This is to preclude up with the recommendations Sekaran which is to ensure reliability, the question shall be given to the experts made the correction and evaluation called Expert Judgment Validity (Sekaran, 2005). Based on this evaluation, five modifications were made (1) the item I can always motivate myself to breastfeed successfully was changed to I can always motivate myself to do soundly at breastfeeding, (2) the item I can always breastfeed my baby without using radiation pattern as a supplement was changed to I can solely when breastfed my baby without using formula as a supplement to at least 4 months, (3) the item I can always forbear from bottle feeding for the first 4 weeks was changed to I can abstain from exclusively bottle feeding for the first month, (4) the item I can always feed my baby with breast milk only was changed to I can always feed my baby with breast milk only for at least 4 months, and (5) the item I can always keep feeling that I really w ant to breastfeed my baby for at least 6 weeks was changed to I can always keep feeling that I really want to breastfeed my baby for at least one and a half months. The modified instrument was presented to the experts a final time and after several discussions, all items were considered relevant to Malay speaking mothers.Face validityFinally, the translated BSES-SF was administered to five respondents which are primiparous mothers who have breastfeed their baby and hospitalized at postpartum ward during the first to three days postpartum. This recruitment as a part of this study to key the problems in the translated questionnaire. This method requires researchers to ask participants to rephrase the items using their own run-in immediately after answering the items. Respondents suggestions for the improvement of the questions were state and were being analyzed and discussed with the experts. This allows the researchers to assess whether respondents understand the items totally as well as to evaluate the comprehension and readability of the Malay BSES-SF version.PILOT TEST AND RELIABILITY TESTResults from content and face validity actually improve the items in the questionnaire to be applied in this study. After making improvements, the questionnaire was done a polisher study on 30 respondents at postnatal ward, Hospital USM to test the reliability of the questionnaire.RESULTInternal Consistency dependableness of instrument refers to the extent to which an instruments score is consistent or stable (Ananda, 2007). dependability is obtained when the same result each time the test is made. Thus, the reliability of the instrument can be defined as a standard of measurement that is free from error in which they give consistent answers. According to Sekaran (2005), the at hand(predicate) to 1.0 Coefficient of reliability, the reliability is higher. Generally, reliability of less than 0.60 can be defined reliability is low, in the range of 0.70 if it is acceptabl e, while above 0.80 indicates higher reliability. Therefore, the questionnaire in this study can be categorized as good and reliable for use in this study. The IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Results of a pilot study of 30 respondents are as followsThe internal consistency of the translated BSES-SF was evaluated by considering the following (1) item summary statistics (2) inter- item correlations (3) correct item-total correlations (4) Cronbachs alpha coefficient and (5) the alpha estimate when an item was deleted (Strickland,1996). Poorly functioning items were defined as (1) items that when deleted enlarged the alpha coefficient by more than 0.10 or (2) items that had a corrected item-total correlation less than 0.30. Cronbachs alpha for the translated BSES-SF was 0.87 there was no increase of more than 0.10 in Cronbachs alpha with removal of any item. The Cronbachs alpha estimated when an item was dropped from the scale ranged from .86 to .87. A ll corrected item-total correlations were positive ,the last-place item-total correlation was 0.37 and the highest was 0.73, with 92.8 %, falling within the recommended range of 0.300.70. The mean BSES-SF score was 56.74 (SD _7. 01). The over all item mean was 4.05, ranging from 3.74 to 4.39. The item variance mean was 0.65, ranging from 0.35 to 0.96. put over 1 Reliability Statistics Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form (BSES-SF)Cronbachs Alpha N of Items.877 14 flurry 2ItemCorrected Item-Total CorrelationCronbachs Alpha if Item DeletedSaya sentiasa dapat memastikan bayi saya mendapat susu yang mencukupi.376.876Saya sentiasa dapat mengatasi masalah penyusuan sepertimana tugasan mencabar yang lain.586.867Saya sentiasa dapat memberikan susu ibu kepada bayi saya tanpa menggunakan susu formula sebagai makanan tambahan.500.871Saya sentiasa boleh memastikan mulut bayi saya sentiasa melekap dengan betul bagi keseluruhan tempoh penyusuan.543.868Saya sentiasa dapat menguruskan situ asi penyusuan dengan rasa puas hati.595.866Saya sentiasa mampu menyusu bayi walaupun bayi saya sedang menangis.729.859Saya sentiasa mempunyai keinginan untuk menyusukan bayi.446.873Saya sentiasa dapat menyusu bayi dengan selesa walaupun dengan kehadiran ahli keluarga yang lain.472.872Saya sentiasa berpuas hati dengan pengalaman penyusuan saya.565.868Saya sentiasa dapat menerima hakikat bahawa penyusuan anak memang mengambil masa yang lama.453.873Saya sentiasa dapat menghabiskan penyusuan bayi dengan satu payu dara sebelum beralih kepada payudara yang satu lagi.531.869Saya sentiasa dapat menyusukan bayi setiap kali waktu penyusuan.605.865Saya sentiasa memenuhi keinginan bayi saya apabila dia ingin menyusu.586.866Saya sentiasa tahu apabila bayi saya sudah habis menyusu.640.864Table 3MeanMinimum maximumRangeMaximum / MinimumVarianceItem Means4.0533.7374.395.6581.176.030Item Variances.652.353.956.6022.704.027Inter-Item Correlations.340-.018.683.701-38.161.020Table 4Statistics for ScaleN MeanVarianceSD1456.7449.0647.005ProceduresAfter university and hospital ethics was obtained, eligible mothers were recruited in hospital from the postnatal ward by a researcher. Potential participants were identified by the researcher at 1 to 3 days postpartum from the registry maintain in the postnatal ward. The eligible participants who are willing to participate in this study has been approached, they will be given further explanation clear to understand the aims of the study. Once the participant expressed an interest and willingness to participate, they will be provided with inform consent, which is must be documented and signed. After that, finalize translated BSES-SF Malay questionnaire was administered to the participants as soon as possible after respondent agree and volunteer to answer the questions. The respondents were given self-administered questionnaires and the researcher will be hold until respondents completed answer the questions and the completed answer questi onnaire were collected back at the same time after the respondent has finished answering all the questions.Limitation of the studyIt is a pilot study, so the small get along of samples is the most limitation of the study.DISCUSSIONPsychometrics propertiesThe results from this methodological study are consistent with the original study (Dennis Faux, 1999) and provide evidence that the translated BSES is a reliable measure of BSE among a representative sample of Malay women in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The Cronbachs a was .88, exceeding the recommended a for established instruments (Nunnally Bernstein, 1994).CONCLUSIONThe BSES-SF Malay version is reliable and valid for assessing mothers breastfeeding confidence.1

Practical Completion and Defects Liability Period

Practical Completion and Defects Liability stopoverIt would be imprecise for a person, a reader to say they dont tiltl different indoors when they touch a psychical book page in similarity to when they touch an e-reader screen.The feel of a book, its c everyplace, its essence and the text well-nighwhere on the first few pages that says First edition is enough to happen upon whatsoever avid reader smile ear to ear. In 2060 though, one would be smart to do away with that smile if youre in public as it could be dangerous and matters do t mop up to escalate quickly.Salutaris is for those muckle the ones who sleep together each(prenominal) things ab come on reading tangible books, still take over to encompass it from the rest of society for fear of being harassed physically or mentally. Its for the people who bring on to live a lie.Objectives of the ProjectPossible consequences of liveness a lie of this magnitude for an ext closing curtained geologarithmical end of t ime let in developing paranoia, thinking your secret whitethorn be found out at any time. This whitethorn hinder cordial development and a person may grow socially and emotionally inverted. In austere outcomes, this can escalate to practically worse scenarios.Salutaris seeks to Give these people, the literary kindred who produce to hide their books and k at a timeledge, a sense of belonging.Give them the freedom to wanton in the books around them without fear of being abused for it.Be a sanctuary.1.3 ClientThe leaf node for this put plays the role of the Interior pictureer as well- Miss. Zuhdeeya Ghouse1.4 Client objectivesTo bring together a group of readers in an unwelcoming rising by uniting them using their common interest, in this case physical books, the feel of the pages, the essence of it and the experience.1.5 Funding of the encounterConsidering the realize type, its funding volition be in the form of a loan or apportion from a financial institution. With the services provided by Salutaris daily, these costs depart be salaried off efficiently.1.6 Appointment of author and other advisorsThe clients Interior Design firm, Feng. was chartered for this compute. This being the firms first large outdo hold, the client hopes to cementum their feet in the tendency industry with this endeavour. This duty assignment was formalized with an appointment letter from her to the firm.(Refer annexure blah)This fox also asks for a number of advisors to deal with different issues much(prenominal) as the old wiring or the make, the structural soundness of the building after years of weather damage, etceteraConsidering some of the buildings that make up the British Council atomic number 18 over a hundred years old, and the others ar a minimum of 70 years, a structural engineer bequeath be mandatory to assess the buildings and deem them fit to be create on. Quantity Surveyors atomic number 18 required for preparing BOQs, tender evaluation e tc. ME engineers as well for lighting, plumbing system and HVAC. Also needed is a landscape programer to tend to the once lovely gardens of the old British Council in Colombo. An IT consultant is to be hired as well for the computer systems that be to be installed within Salutaris. A Project Manager is also required for overseeing of the bend with the peg downor.1.7 Scope of Consultancy services FeesThe afore mentioned consultants except the interpret manager, were recommended by the designer and concord on by the client thus forming a consortium in which all consultants answer to the designer, except for the attend manager who is to be hired via the client. The designer receives 10% of the look fee.The other consultants will be paying(a) as follows (Refer next page please.)ConsultantPercentage (%) of fee windup(prenominal) and galvanic Engineer1% of ME costs (ME costs come up to approx. 30% of bodily structure cost)Structural Engineer2.5% of extreme kink costQuantit y Surveyor1.5% of total construction costProject Manager0.7% of total construction cost (Paid directly by client)IT consultant0.1% of total construction costLandscape designer0.5% of total construction cost hold over 1.Chapter TWO Brief2.1 Clients BriefThe design should include a extensive library, a restoration populate for older registers and a viewing room for them.Budget rooms for writers or any member of the library who may need help because of their reading habits.Small hall realm for verse line and book readings/launches.It has to look inconspicuous to the passer by.A good certificate system thither will be no groups of angry people endangering the safety of Salutaris members.Allowance for landscaping. raw(a) surroundings are needed for simpleness and thought.2.2 Investigations Context StudyThe localise is surrounded by both residential and commercial buildings. The entrance of Salutaris is situated at the end of a pathway that branches from Duplication Road one of the busier roads in Colombo with sell shops and restaurants around the area. The back of the building, opens to a residential area and thus pledge will flummox to be located at the back to preserve mindless mobs getting onto the premises.2.3 postThe former British Council in Colombo, currently owned by The British High Commission.49, Alfred House Gardens, Colombo 3One of the main features of The British Council that makes it ideal for the project is that it is much little than it looks from the outside. When one looks at the British Council from Duplication road, it looks like a depleted building, but you can only measure its scale when you walk on the grounds of the site itself. The British Council is do up of the original building that was build in 1932, and has had newer buildings put up around it.2.4 Site Pictures2.4.1 Buildings of importation around the areaFashion retail store Fashion interceptRestaurants Divine Foods, Cricket Club, Queens cafeBusinesses and s tores Dialog Telecom office, Raux Brothers, rejoicing Head Office Residential structures Queens Court, The Byzantium2.5 DemographyAs mentioned in the Project Proposal for Salutaris, after doing surveys and other relevant research, it was concluded that the end user demography for this project will be 12 30 year olds and older folk ( corned 55 and above), due to the fact that little children may non get permission from their parents to be there and those aged 30 55 may not be able to make time for Salutaris as they need to attend to their families. The main similarity among these people is of course, their passion for reading, and that too of physical material.2.6 Rules and RegulationsDuring the construction of Salutaris, certain rules and regulations are to be followed, namelyThe Fire Safety Regulations by the Fire dept. (Refer annexure blah)The Requirements for handicapped Accessibility by the Ministry of Social Services. Refer annexure blahThe standards for libraries as in Neufert, Architects Data (Third Edition) (Refer annexure blah)Chapter leash Pre- buzz off Stage3.1 Designers BriefAfter get together the client and surveying the site, an readjustment schedule was settled on as followsA building housing the library of Salutaris.A restoration wing that will house a viewing room for old documents5 accommodation units with attached bathroomsA reception areaWashrooms x 20Accounts office + printing/photo likenessing facilities etc.A Multipurpose hall for small eventsCafeteria and small kitchenStorage areaStaff rooms x 3Guard room x 2 (Front and back entrance)3.2 Costing Variety of the ProjectIt was estimated by the step surveyor that the project budget would be uncutly 48 billion LKR and that an approximate price per sqft of this roughly 8000sqft site is 5500-6000 LKR. Costs for the project will be from labour costs, materials and the logistics of getting them onsite. It will also come from overhead expenses and confirming costs.3.3 Recommenda tion of Type of nonplusThere are the types of contracts to considerThe palooka sum contract, in which a fixed sum of money is authoritative for the rub down done.The Measure-and-Pay contract, in which certain amounts of money are received for distributively stage of the work. The amounts paid are in line with the lot of work done on the project.The Time and Material contract. In this ar seethement, the client, designer and contractile organ must agree on an hourly or daily fee. This contract is usually chosen when there are uncertainties about issues like materials approachability etc.From the three types of contracts talked about above (lump sum, measure and pay, and time material), considering the scale of the project, the designers preferred contract would be the measure and pay contract. This contract delivers for variances and a certain degree of flexibility within the design process for the era of the project.3.4 Schematic Design Stage Design DevelopmentThe designer production to prepare schematic design proposals to give the client and consultants an approximation of the project size and in what direction the project is to go in. If after this has been proposed to the client and she wishes to make any changes, it will be applied in the distributor point stage.The design detail stage involves the designer past preparing detail design proposals that will include the changes wanted by the client from the schematic design proposals.(Refer annexure blah)3.5 Statutory Approval (Local Authority/City Zoning)Authoritative approval is needed for the extension of existing buildings and the building of new ones on site. There will be no new buildings built however, as the client doesnt allow it.As the accommodation schedule features a cafeteria and kitchen, a Food tipsiness license is required.3.6 Work ProgrammeSo that the client is kept up to date with the work work out, a work program was secluden up.(Refer annexure blah)Chapter quadruple ge nerate Documentation4.1 Detail Design StageA portion of architectural and engineering drawings was prepared by the designer in collaborationism with the relevant afore mentioned consultants.The package includes numerous plans, sections, elevations, relevant schedules and tear sheets, lighting plans, plumbing/sewage plans, design details, colours and materials.This was cross checked at some(prenominal) stages with the quantity surveyor who confirmed the final package as within the project budget of XXX LKRA bill of Quantities was then prepared with the required consultants and was approved of by the Quantity Surveyor who, with all issues in mind proceeded to draw up the tender document.4.2 cutting DocumentThe tender document comprised of the pursual Instruction to TenderersForm of Tender and AppendixForm of Agreement and Conditions of pick outSpecimen form of Performance BondSpecimen form of dismiss defrayal GuaranteeSpecificationPricing PreamblesBill of QuantitiesSchedule of develop ContractorsSchedule of named subcontractorsList of drawings4.2.1 Invitation to TenderAn invitation to tender was published in The passing(a) News and The Sunday Observer on the 5th of April and 7th of April 2060 respectively. The tenderers were given up a deadline of the 20th of May 2060. Included in the invitation were instructions to the tenderers and prefatorial cultivation about the project at hand.(Refer annexure blah)4.2.2 Instructions to TenderersThis is general information to tenderers, including what exactly they should submit, by when they should submit it and how they should give it in.(Refer annexure blah)4.2.2.1 Confidentiality AgreementDue to the social delicacy of this project, it was decided that any potential tenderer and all consultants should sign a Confidentiality agreement if he/she wants to be considered for the post as if word got out, there will be disturbances during construction in the form of protests etc.(Refer annexure blah)4.2.3 Condition s of the ContractThis includes the detailed terms and conditions for applying for the contract.(Refer annexure blah)4.2.4 Form of Tender(Refer annexure blah)4.2.5 Form of Agreement(Refer annexure blah)4.2.6 common speckle SpecificationsThe general specifications go according to the following documents issued by the ICTAD (Institute for Construction procreation And Development) SCA/3/1 Irrigation Land DrainageSCA/3/2 water system supply Sewerage storm water drainageSCA/4/1 II Building works Vol. I IISCA/8 Electrical Mechanical works(Refer annexure blah)4.2.7 Form of Performance Bank Guarantee in the lead a contractor can be showed the contract, he/she has to get a bank guarantee that satisfies the employer of all losses and damages that pass on as a result of the contractor not working according to the contract. With this the contractor also confirms he/she has an all risk insurance in case of onsite accidents etc(Refer annexure blah)4.2.7.1 Specimen Form of Bank Guarantee f or Mobilization Advance payThis is an additional guarantee from the bank, stating that they (the bank) guarantee the fling payment as specify by the employer.(Refer annexure blah)4.2.8 Appendix to Form of Tender(Refer annexure blah)4.2.9 Pricing Preambles(Refer annexure blah)4.2.10 Tender bill of exchange List(Refer annexure blah)4.2.11 B.O.QThis document invoices the materials, parts, labour and other costs of the project in question. This BOQ will also contain detailed terms and conditions the construction of the project and any repairs that may need to be made.Such a document exists for the contractor to put a price on the work for which theyre pleadding. (Refer annexure blah)Chapter fivesome Tender Procedure5.1 Invitation for Bids(Refer Page 9, Chapter 4.2.1 Invitation to Tender)5.2 Pre Tender MeetingsA meeting was held forrader the deadline for tenders to clear any doubts and to answer any questions that the tenderers had regarding the project. Present at this meeting w ere the designer and relevant consultants, along with the tenderers.5.3 Tender PeriodThe tender period for this project is from the date of the first invitation (5th April 2060) to the 20th of May 2060.5.4 Receipt Tender OpeningAs mentioned above, the deadline for receiving tenders was the 20th of May 2060 and the tenders received by the end of that day were opened on the 23rd of the month in the straw man of the designer, quantity surveyor and project manager.The results were as follows (Refer the next page please)T1 xxx millionT2 xxx millionT3 xxx millionT4 xxx millionT5 xxx millionWhere T is Tenderer. (All amounts in LKR)5.5 Tender EvaluationAfter much consideration, it was decided that tenderer T3 and T4 were unsuitable for their extreme over estimation of the project costs.Tenderer T2 did not meet the requirements of the invitation to tender and was thus not considered.Tenderer T1s estimation was within range but numerous flaws were discovered in the documents received and they were out of the running.This leftfield tenderer T5 whose estimation was higher than the estimated project cost, but their work was solid and on recalling the contractors past projects, it was found he was most suitable for this project.5.6 NegotiationMeetings were then held with the contractor, client, project manager, quantity surveyor and designer present to negotiate the bid proposal initially received and thereafter the contractor submitted a revised bid proposal for the project.5.7 Acceptance of TenderA letter of award was immediately sent to tenderer T5 after negotiations took place.(Refer annexure blah)Chapter SIX Contract Administration6.1 Award of ContractAn award of contract letter was prepared for the client to send to tenderer T5 (from now own known as the contractor).This letter states among other things, that the mobilization advance has to be paid by the contractor within the said period after receiving the letter. It states the period of completion for t he project and asks for certain documents to be submitted immediately, much(prenominal) as theAdvance guarantee acceptable to the clientWorkers compensation indemnity as per current labour regulationsProgramme of work in a format acceptable to the designer.(Refer annexure blah)6.2 Bonds and GuaranteesThese are a form of security in the project for the client and designer from the contractor should anything go wrong.A action bond is needed to guarantee the satisfactory completion of the project by the contractor. This comes in the form of a surety bond by a bank working with the contractor. The surety bond figures payment is received by the client from the contractor should anything go against contract specifications on the contractors part.(Refer annexure blah)A contractors all risk policy covers damages to any relevant property during construction of the project and injuries and damage to third party property during construction.(Refer annexure blah)A memory bond is required a nd states that the contractor will have received his/hers all-embracing payment only when the project is signed off as having no off putting issues at the end of construction.(Refer annexure blah)6.3 Signing of ContractOn the 15th of June 2060, the signing of the contract between client and contractor took place after both parties agreed on the numerous terms and conditions mentioned in said contract. Copies of previously mentioned documents are also shared between the devil parties.6.4 Project Planning and ManagementThe contractor will hand in a work programme (Refer annexure blah) that will cover the work thatll be done from the catch of the project construction to the end of it. This will be reviewed and either be agreed on by the designer or will have significant changes made to it till both parties are content with the work programme. The project manager will receive unfluctuating updates from the contractor on what is happening onsite till the end of construction.6.5 Handi ng of SiteThe award of contract letter should state that the site is to be handed over to the contractor and it is done so, along with the occupational health and safety requirements (Refer annexure blah) to ensure a safe and well oiled construction site.6.6 Advance PaymentAt the stage of beginning construction, 80% of the project fees should have been paid to the designer who will in turn give to each consultant a certain percentage of the fee, while keeping a percentage of the contractors fee in accordance with the retention bond.6.7 Commencement of Work erst the work programme submitted by the contractor is approved by the designer, project manager and other involved consultants, the contractor is given the go to start construction.6.8 Site OrganizationThis covers numerous topics such as the condition in which the land is given from the client to the contractor the site should have some sort of temporary lodging for the builders if they are expected to stay onsite. They have to have access to running water and electricity to use their tools etc and for basic hygiene, among other things.Site organization is also considered for the duration of the project in different ways to those mentioned above. These include scheduled or recorded site visits by the project manager or designer and also dwell of all related parties being informed on the works progress regularly.6.9 Monitoring Progress and Site InspectionsThis will take place in the form of weekly or bi weekly meetings held between the designer, project manager, client and relevant parties in which everyone is briefed on work progress and it is made sure that everything is going according to the contract, health and safety regulations etc.6.10 Site Visits and Instructions to SiteAs mentioned in chapter 6.8 (Site Organization), there will be a record of site visits made by the project manager, infallible engineers and the designer. This record will be in the form of a log book, also containing any instruct ions from the designer or engineers regarding the project that they may have stated when they visited the site at a particular time.6.11 prime(a) ControlDuring the mentioned site visits, inspections of quality will occur, making sure that the construction site is working in accordance to the contract and ICTAD specifications etc.6.12 Variations and bare(a) WorkAs with any project, there are bound to be some variation from the original brief that was signed off on. These variations have to be documented in a physical form and should unceasingly be known by the client and designer.Such variations can occurDue to unavailability of a certain material, leading the designer to have to substitute it for another.New structural requirements that were not initially identified.Changes in quantities and measurements resulting from errors in the drawing plan stages,New changes in government regulations that now nix certain acts in construction to happen.6.13 Interim Bills and PaymentsDuring this time, any expenses that the client necessarily to pay for will documented by the main contractor.6.14 Delays and Extensions of TimeWith the project being in Sri Lanka, there are bound to be delays in work due to multiple factors, foreseen and unforeseenThe numerous holidays and festivals in Sri Lanka such as The Sinhala and Tamil New year, Vesak, Diwali, Ramadan, Poya days etc.Monsoon season. The project is in the middle of urban Colombo thus landslides are unlikely, and flooding is not known to be a problem in the area.Natural disastersLogistical delaysChapter SEVEN Completion7.1 Practical Completion and Defects Liability PeriodAfter construction was completed a certificate of practical completion was issued by the designer, as was a final defect list, and a copy of that was handed over to the contractor to rectify within the first hexad months of the end of construction.(Refer annexure blah)7.2 Certificate of ConformityAt the end of those six months, there will be an inspe ction of the building and if it is found that all defects have been rectified, a Certificate of Conformity (Refer annexure blah) is issued. At this point the rest of the contractors fee is paid and he receives a Final Payment Certificate (Refer annexure blah) and with that, his contract is terminated.7.3 FeedbackThereafter the project manager informs the relevant parties of the final completion of the project and if needed, meets with the parties for feedback.Chapter EIGHT ConclusionSalutaris is a haven to the literary geeks of this age that are shunned by society or would be shunned, if anyone knew their secret. There are the prospering few that do get away with reading, but they are the ejection to the rule.Social trends can be counted on to blow over but as for how long it will take for this trend to do so, a trend that has been building up for decades, is an uncertainty and that is one of the biggest reasons Salutaris will prosper.This feasibleness report showcases the entire process of getting this project off the ground, from the appointment of the designer and consultants to the end of construction.

Analysis Of Story Of An Hour English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Story Of An hr English Literature EssayKate Chopin (1851-1904) did a story that bulge outs into the readers mind and moods. license is a pleasure that is extremely forbidden, and none should call punt about it in public. Despite its shortness, the storys e genuinely word has a truest sense of meaning and plays a constituent in fashioning it complete. The protagonist in this story is Mrs. mallard or Louise who has a problem with her optic. Her preserve, Brently Mallard, passes on, and the password collapse to be delivered to her in one of the gentle most existenceners due to her fragile centre of attention (Berkove 152). Louises sister, Josephine and Richards, a friend of Brently, delivers the news. Both Richard and Josephine atomic number 18 unsure of how to break the news to Louise considering her fragile heart. Louise breaks down in grief upon hearing the news and draw backs into her sleeping room to think of her newfound emancipation in privacy. She pr ays for a long support so that she can savor the fruits of beingness free only to be called by her Josephine. After getting out, Brently Mallard opens the door and gets in Louise screams upon perceive her husband and passes on due to the enormous joyousness of getting and loosing freedom (Jamil 220). This essay illustrates the causes the alienation that the Louise feels during her married breeding.Louise feels alienated in her sexual union. Her main root of alienation is floriculture-driven whereby women give in to the decision of man. In many unions, the man is considered the head of the household. Their decision and action is commonly final thus, the charwoman feels a like(p) the second party that is very dependent on man. This makes a woman feel like she is chained to the other party or the husband by religious vows or ordering. The other out pay off of alienation is faith especially Christianity. Most religions often put the man at the head. If something smashing comes from a family, the man is appraised but, if it is bad, the woman is reprimanded. Religion somehow represses the freedom of a woman. A man can get out and engage in extramarital behavior while the wife is at home being faithful and waiting. If she discovers, the woman is told to forgive but, if it is the woman who engaged in illicit behavior, the man could threaten final stage, divorce or anything. This uneven ground is the source of estrangement for most women like Louise who atomic number 18 in join or trying to respect and uphold the foot of marriage.In this story, the perception of term greatly affects the behavior of Louise. Although she is estranged in her marriage, she cannot express herself in public. She has to belie to be grief-stricken and has to retreat into privacy to think about her newfound freedom. Status is a thing that is created and imposed by night club a achievest the give of man. Louise stays in her marriage because she fears how society will loo k at her. She cannot walk out on her marriage to be free because she innately considers society. She cannot say exclaim with joy upon receiving the news of her husbands destruction because this will be contrary to societys expectations. Josephine and Richard also try to do what society expects of them delivering the news in the softest manner possible (Berkove 153). As Brently walks in, Richard tries to shield Louise from searching her husband in order to protect her fragile heart fro getting a heart attack. All these characters try tot live by the status that has been set by society and not by their own jurisdictions.In this story, Louise plays the role of loss of freedom in marriage. Josephine and Richard play the role of society in the story. They deliver news and somehow check if Louise has received the information and reacted in accordance to how society states. The presence of Richard and Josephine is a representation of society, and they force Louise to retreat into her bed room to think about her newfound freedom. This implies that, to act against the expectation of society is a thing that can only be done in private.The metaphor delicious breath of rain in the air, peddler rank his wares, clouds piled one above the other refer to the taste of independence that comes with the death of a spouse (Jamil 217). This is very common in the popular culture since according to the wedding vows it is till death does us part. This implies that Louise is free affinity problems in Louises marriage make her wish for the taste of freedom. It is obvious that, in marriage, there has to be compromise, and the looser is al commissions the wife. Loss of freedom in marriage is what makes everything to go wrong. However, society and family are ever on pronging into the marriage to see that the spate stay married. This is what makes many multitude estranged because almost everyone wants the marriage to work contrary to somebodyal wish.Louise somehow celebrates the death o f her husband. Most volume especially family could label this as opting for the wrong path. Death is not something that people wish for and enjoying the freedom that comes with the death of a spouse is seen as very wrong in society. The enjoyment reflects relationship problems that were in the marriage in advance one spouse died. Josephine and Richard act as representations of society. They try to protect Louise from reality that her husband is alive which is wrong. I sympathize with Louise because of the path she has chosen. Although she celebrates her loss, she should know that animateness without companionship is empty and hard. At times, ever person needs comfort, which is a tonic in the ever stressing life.Society and its representatives like religion and the institution of marriage is faulted in this story. Religion plays the role of keeper, and shapes values and norms. With the help of cockeyed family and friends, marriages are coerced to stay even when they are failing a s people bid their time and wait for the death of their partner. In this story, the irony is that the gain and loss of freedom cause too much joy until the protagonist, Louise dies. at that place is a conflict in what Richard and Josephine believe in. In real life, they think that Louise will be so worryingdened by the news and she may have a heart attack (Jamil 215). They fantasize the way she will weep, get into trauma at upon receiving the news. On the contrary, Louise finds happiness in the news. It is unreal that a woman will rejoice at the death of her husband and prays for a long life to enjoy her freedom. This fantasy does not happen in reality. If a spouse loose husband or wife, they are sad and life is never the same. It is also unreal that a man support dead by two messages could be alive. This could be true but it has the least probability of occurring in real life. It is also unreal that the joy Louise has of seeing her husband is what causes her heart attack. Perhaps the sorrow (of being intimidate forever) sends her to the grave (Jamil 220).Nature and society makes women or girls to be victims. Their fate is usually dictated by society and nature. Everything in society seems to reinforce the helplessness of women. They are bound to relationships, marriages that are strenuous just for the society to be satisfied. They have to go by what society wants or else they are ostracized. teaching tries to free women but, men and society will always put them back in their place where they have to give in to societal demands. This is represent by the fact that Louise thinks freely in privacy. She has to mourn upon receiving the news of her husbands death. In addition, she knows that she will have to cry upon seeing her husbands body so that society can sympathize with her loss.This story does not effectively show the way men become victims of society. However, when they fail to provide their women with a good life (flashy car, beautiful home, bright a nd healthy children, advance their career). Whenever they fail to go into these expectations, they are labeled as failures by society. Men who are divorced are labeled as failures. Both men and women fear failed marriages and people like Mallard try to enforce their will to make everything in marriage to work. In so doing, the will of the woman is completely lost making her feel lost.The moral issues that arise in this story are gratification in loss, freedom in death and the evilness of marriage. Louise rejoices the loss of her husband. break people are not welcome in society, and through the death of a spouse, people accept you. This shows the wrongness of society. It does not want anyone to be free from its standards. It is evil to rejoice in the death of a person but in this case, Louise celebrates her newfound freedom thus indirectly pleasure in the death of her husband.

The Maritime Education And Training Education Essay

The Maritime Education And Training Education EssayE- accomplishment strategys look at several names which basically mean the same Virtual acquisition Environment, reading guidance System, Course Management System, Learning Content Management System (LCMS), Managed Learning Environment (MLE), Learning Support System (LSS) and Learning Platform (LP). In Europe the term VLE is well-nighly used, but in United States the term CMS is favored over others (Kanninen, 2009).Todays scholars fuel use or so different ways to learn. One of them is technology establish environments is inclusive of employ of computers and Inter moolah. Online discipline is one of these type environments. An attractive side of online accomplishment is that didactics service to come to the learner itself and flexible usage of it. In online encyclopaedism, to transact effective instructional design is being difficult be safari of the learners characteristics that argon think to skill be not being kno wn. As a progeny of fact, to bring into existence of effective culture for the learners in online learning environments, ask and expectations of the learners that atomic number 18 in these environments are comprehended and development of convenient environments which are adequate for different learning elbow rooms are required. Technology density environments cause a change of learning styles of the learners and bring up a notion that is online learning style to the agenda (Da Geer, 2009).In the literature, the explanation of the online learning has been used different terminologies. Because of this, makes it difficult to develop a generic definition. ground that are commonly used ac familiarity e-learning, Internet learning, distributed learning, networked learning, tele-learning, virtual learning, computer-assisted learning, weave- based learning, and distance precept (Anderson Elloumi, 2004). In the literature, there are many definitions which are reflect the diversity of practice and associated technologies of online learning. For example, while some(prenominal) researchers define online learning as informational material that is presented on a computer, the others defines online instruction as an innovative approach for delivering instruction to a remote audience, using the Web as the medium (Anderson Elloumi, 2004).Kanninen (2009) online learning is learning which takes place in a network it could be the Internet or just a schools natural/closed net. Ally (2004) wrote that there are at least the 6 following synonyms used for online learning e-learning, Internet learning, distributed learning, networked learning, tele-learning, virtual learning, computer-assisted learning, web-based learning, and distance learning. So it can be said that in online learning the learner is at a distance from the tutor or instructor and the learner uses some form of technology to access the learning materials. (Ally 2004) Online learning can be divided into th ree classes Contact learning supported by the net Multiform learning in the net Self studying in the netOnline learning (sometimes referred to as e-learning or distance learning). In this study, online learning adopted the ASTD (American Society for Training Development) definition, which describes it as education which is facilitated and supported via study and communications technology (ICT). ASTD states that e- learning isA broad set of applications and surgical processes which include web-based learning, computer- based learning, virtual classrooms, and digital media. Much of this is delivered via the Internet, intranet, audio and videotape, satellite broadcast, synergetic TV, and CD- ROM. The definition of e-learning varies depending on the organization and how it is used, but basically it involves electronic factor of communication, education, and training (Franetovic, 2011).McGill Hobbs (2007) mentioned that a virtual learning environment (VLE) is an information system that facilitates e-learning. VLEs process, store and disseminate educational material and support communication associated with teaching and learning. Virtual learning environments (VLEs) are widespread in higher education today, typically used to deliver instructional materials and facilitate communication at bottom a course.Briefly, we can define online learning in this thesis as an approach to a TEL (Technology Enhanced Learning), in a self modulate method, which utilizes information and communication technology to maximize the acquisition and processing of the knowledge in a VLE (Virtual Learning Environment) as a learner refer educational framework.Our conception of education is that it should help students to develop their personalities and to cope with the tasks and challenges that stick up from their environments. More formally, education should assist young people in evolution meaningful goals and provide them with the knowledge and skills to achieve these. To the exte nt that they manage to observe and control the activities to reach their goals, they are said to self-regulate these activities (Steffens, 2006).The online environment calls for students to demonstrate self-regulated learning (Ally, 2004). Dabbagh (2007) characterized successful online learners as those who exhibited self-directed learning skills. Self-regulated learning has been framed in the online education context by Carson (2012) research as an active, constructive process whereby learners set goals for their learning and then attempt to monitor, regulate and control their cognition, motivating and behavior, guided and constrained by their goals and the contextual features in their environments (Bandura, 2001 Pintrich De Groot, 1990 Schunk, 2005 Zimmerman, 2002). the processes of self- regulation as a reciprocal cycle consisting of forethought, performance and self-reflection (Figure 2-2). Each of the phases consists of sub processes that piece of cake a greater or lesser p art in learning depending on the task, the learner, and the environment (Carson, 2012).Figure (2-2) Phases and sub processes of self-regulation.From Zimmerman, B., Campillo, M. (2003). Motivating self-regulated problem solvers.Manochehr (2006) has make a study where he compared the effects on e-learning versus those on traditionalistic instructor-based learning, on student learning, based on students learning styles. The result was that the learning style in traditional learning was irrelevant but in e-learning it was very important. The study showed that learners with an assimilating or converging learning style achieved better learning results in e-learning.Da Geer (2009) tell that recent developments of the online learning are also related to Adaptive educational Hypermedia Systems (AEHS). An AEHS aims to build a model of the goals, preferences and knowledge of each learner and use this model throughout the interaction with the leaner, in order to admit learning content to t he needs of that learner that is adapted specifically to the learners (Brusilovsky, 1996). For example, in an AEHS, learning content knowledge of the subject is given to the learner. In addition, AEHS can support learners in their navigation by limiting browsing space, suggesting most relevant links to follow, or providing adaptive comments to visible links (Brusilovsky, 2003). AEHS researches are centered on learning style based personalization researches (Brown, 2006 Paredes Rodriguez, 2004 Piombo, Batatia Ayache, 2003 Graf, 2007).

The Catcher in the Rye :: Essays Papers

The Catcher in the RyeThe novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger published by The saucy American subroutine library in 1951 is one of, if not the most popular and controversial books write by Salinger. The main character is a teenage boy named Holden Caulfield. He casually explains a certain time of transition in his life. It is a time of adventures and deep thought. Holden has his own view of the world and for 192 pages, he allows the contributor to see the world through his eyes. He comes across many a(prenominal) muckle at this time and refers to the general society as phonies. Each in the flesh(predicate) encounter he makes affects him throughout his story.Holden begins the story by rambling near general things about him and his family and suggests to the reader that he is now in well-nigh form of an institution. He talks about the school he has presently gotten kicked out of, (unbeknownst to his parents)Pencey Prep. This is one of many schools that he ha s attended and been rejected from for his laziness problem. He gets into an argument with his roommate and decides to leave Pencey early for Christmas sort out since theres no reason for him to stay. He packs up his things and takes a train to New York City where he grew up and where his family is. When he arrives in the city, he stay in a hotel. He observes pack in other rooms through his window. Then, he goes to different bars even though he is under age. Holden is rather tall and has a gray streak of pilus that makes him look older. In these bars, he meets and observes many varieties of people. He cannot go base to his parents until theyve had a chance to find out about Pencey and had some time to calm down. To pass the time in NYC, he calls some people from his past. Each new person plays a specific role in Holdens actions and decisions. For example, Sally, his ex-girlfriend, makes him feel a spectrum of feelings from love to hate in a weigh of hours.Holden not ices many things in everyday life that others never really view are there. He describes the Museum of Natural History and how no matter how many times you go there, nothing ever changes.

Violence in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

hysteria in Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte uses violence in several shots through come out of the closet the bracing. The violence in the young is not fatal to anyone, it is just used to catch the readers eye. This novel consists of many emotional aspects. For example, the violence in the scene where Mr. Mason gets flacked. The attack really upsets Jane and Mr. Rochester. In the novel Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte uses several acts of violence to create suspense, mystery, and characterization. This scene is probably the best one to create the suspense of the novel. It keeps a soulfulness interested in the book and wanting to know what happens next. There is no way of knowing why this happened, who does it, or if Mr. Mason is going to get going or die. That is why Charlotte Bronte used violence to create this kind of suspense. So a soulfulness would be interested enough in the novel to keep reading. The mystery is a mystery itself, on that point is a enigmatical at Thornfield a nd Jane can sense this. Then there is the mystery of the person who committed this act of violence. Jane suspects who it might be, but she is not for sure. To find out the mystery of the house and the person who did it a person has to solve it. Finally, there is the characterization of Bertha. From the way Rochester talks about Bertha at first she seems middling normal, but he says how she become after they get married. She turned into somebody he did not know, a crazy psychopath, mad woman. Rochester wanted to shroud this from everyone even Jane, Bertha cares for no one but herself. She does not care who she hurts, she turn up this when she hurt Mr.

Gates’ and Wilson’s Theories on African Diaspora Musics Essays -- Musi

Gates and Wilsons Theories on African Diaspora MusicsSome scholarly persons theorize that the Middle Passage to the Americas was so traumatic that most African influence was eradicated, and that few traces of Africa subsist in Afro-American music. This cultural tabulala sic rasa theory is rightfully rejected by many scholars (Wilson 3). The inflow of African people to the New World was brought on by the founding of slavery, and resulted in the creation of a sort of extension of the African immaculate in a different hemisphere. In his article The Significance of the family relationship Between sic Afro-American Music and West African Music, music scholar Olly Wilson refutes the tabula rasa theory, and provides extensive examples of the ties that continue to exist between the deuce distant geographical regions. Another prominent scholar who recognizes the integration of African elements in American musics is Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Though his much deeper and more analytical s nuggle to African musics is divergent from Wilsons, both scholars acknowledge African diaspora musics and examine them in different ways based on different criteria.Cuba is considered one of the places where African music has been most fully preserved. Within this island nation there exist many secular and religious genres of Afro-Cuban music. These genres are associated with the spread of palo monte and santeriatwo of the many neo-African syncretic religions in the New World (Den Tandt and Young 251). The approximation of syncretisma mixing of the beliefs or practices of different groupsis very popular in many aspects of analysis of the New Worlds Africanization. With respect to religion, the terminal figure refers especially to the combining of characteristics of native... ...racteristics of and approaches to African and African-American music. Gates advocates a deep examination of the musica literary-style analysis exploring layers of meaning within music, intertextualities, a nd modes of expression. work CitedDen Tandt, Catherine and Richard A. Young. Tradition and transformation in Latin American music. The Cambridge chap to Modern Latin American Culture. Ed. John King. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2004.Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Signifying Monkey. A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism. New York Oxford University Press, 1988.Rodriguez, Omar. Emancipation the Caribbean ExperienceAfro-Cuban religion and Syncretism with the Catholic Religion.Wilson, Olly. On the Significance of the Relationship between African and Afro-American Music. The Black Perspective in Music 2 (1974), 3-22.

Culture and Race Essay -- Anthropology Sociology Essays

Culture and RaceAnthropologists have always had their discrepancies with the vocalise gloss and its back argument significance. There have been numerous definitions that have filtered by dint of the field, yet not one that everyone can accept or train with. Franz Boas, an anthropologist in the early 20th Century, and his students, had a difficult time calculation out the objective of what culture is. Culture is about learning and sh atomic number 18d out ideas about behaviour. Although Boas and his students had a slightly different idea in mind. They finally reached a conclusion, a definition of culture in their view that is a contradiction in basis. Boas sates that, culture was expressed through the medium of spoken communication but was not reducible to it more importantly, it was not wash drawing. Culture became everything endure was not, and race was seen to be what culture was not given, unchangeable biology, (Visweswaran, p. 72).Not solely focusing on culture, but anthropology has a substantial inter-group communication as well. Anthropology is the field in which the study of cultural and biological variations among human groups is studied. The hassle that some people have with characterizing culture is that they associate it with race, whereas that is not the case. The ii are remarkably distinct. Race is something biological, a genetic trait that is innate, temporary hookup culture is something that is educated and experienced.Kamala Visweswaran and Lila Abu-Lughod are two well distinguished anthropologists that are currently teaching at Universities in the United States. In their aver words, they speak about culture through an anthropologists view and detail their testify opinions within. They may have some different opinions but each has their get strong arguments that prove their points. Lila Abu-Lughods article report Against Culture, was written in 1991, and was published inside the book, Recapturing Anthropology. Wi thin the article, she discusses culture and many problems with it. The title of her article speaks for itself, writing against culture. There are many issues that she brings up about culture, and divers(a) influential strategies for shifting over from the culture concept. She reflects on culture and its carry to be redefined. In her discussion of culture and difference she opens with, most American anthropologists believe or act as if culture, notoriously r... ...s. With this new connection to anthropology, the American Anthropological Association, passed a resolution denouncing Nazi racism Anthropology provides no scientific basis for discrimination against any people on the ground of racial inferiority, religious affiliation or linguistic heritage, (Visweswaran, p. 71). The solution is not to replace culture with race but to keep the two terms in contructivist tension with one another, (Visweswaran, p. 79). Anthropology cannot strive without culture, yet there musti ness be a distinction with race. Culture is something that society is taught and learned, while race is something biological, and something to be proud of. Boas and his ideas were not yet educated as to what culture means. He was overlooking and only saw his own perspective. Culture creates this divers(prenominal) world and in turn race creates life with culture. Works CitedAbu-Lughod, Lila. (1991) Writing Against Culture. Recapturing Anthropology. Richard Fox, ed. P, 137-162. Santa Fe, NM School of American Research Press.Visweswaran, Kamala. (March, 1998) Race and the Culture of Anthropology. American Anthropologist. p. 70-83. American Anthropological

Overworked Americans :: Materialism Materialistic Society Essays

on that point is the constant pressure from our materialistic caller to get nice cars, big TVs, and brand-name clothes. So, what if we cant devote the nicest cars and other items? We can now use financing and credit card to get thrown deep into debt, Michael*, a financial consultant from northeasterly Pennsylvania verbalize.He said people are forced to roleplay longer hours and get multiple concerns to pay off their debt. The expensive products relieve oneself stress and lead to family problems, including verbal and physical abuse, he said.Americans are overworked and agnize the lease for reduced job hours, but are addicted to expending money, he said.Michael said he has difficulty juggling his high-pressure job with a soulal life, yet still insists on creating period for his family and friends.There should always be time to try to unstuff and cool off after tough days, and I consider it imperative to do so, he said.He said that people need to recognize that work corre lates with their family and friends, and it is authorized to balance work with a social life.Kristen Randall, 22, of Rumson, New Jersey is a recent college graduate at the beginning of her carry oner. She said she has minimal expenses at this stage in her life and works 40 hours each week. Randall said she would need an additional job if she had more bills to pay.A lot of Americans need to work extra time because they have minimum wage jobs and these jobs dont pay enough for them to make a living, she said.Long work hours add together little time for leisure, which Randall said is an essential aspect of a persons overall health. She said that people who repeatedly work overtime are too tired to exercise or spend time with family members.When a person doesnt have enough time to relax or participate in activities that they are interested in, they tend to be in a bad mood and take less care of themselves, Randall said.She said that households with two working parents are sometimes f orced to get by their children to daycare, where they sacrifice quality time together and lose some harbor in raising their children.If people are sacrificing a great lot because of their job, they are probably more likely to be unhappy. They may be tired and stressed out. This makes them less likely to be productive, pleasant employees, Randall said.Daljinder Mann, a sales employee in Somerville, MA, attributed Americans increased working hours to the rising cost of living.

How to Taste French Wine :: Personal Narrative France Papers

How to savouring French Wine The Vin Jaune, or yellow booze, of eastern Frances Jura realm is not just yellow but the brightest yellow, like pure honey. The strange 62-oz. bottles in which they ar sold are half-covered with dirt when photographed for supermarket glossies to show that their nectar, justly served chilled, is of the earth, of good, French earth. Plucked en masse from the sleepy fields of Chateau-Chalon, Arbois, or an separate smallish vineyard village of the like, Savagnin grapes are harvested late, al almost in November, then squeezed, fermented, and sealed and aged in oak caskets for a pointedness of exactly six years and three months. In these caskets, in pitch-black and humid cellars, a layer of yeast forms upon the liquids surface, protecting the young wine from the spoiling effects of oxygen and thus allowing for its unique yellowness to skin rash from within. On the first morning after the last day of the third base month of the seventh year, la Perce, or the piercing, of the caskets begins. Locals flock to a tiny, unknown village for the annual mass, ceremony, and piercing itself. There, 25 wine houses are set up, each offering only the most refined and quality flavors from the years harvest. It was amongst these houses, each within a barn, or tent, or some other makeshift location, that I was introduced to proper wine etiquette, and how, in turn, to appreciate wine itself. It was also here where I learned how to go to a wine tasting with friends who buy bottles for in-between-tasting tastings and who drink on buses and uprises. In other words, this is where I learned how not to go to a wine-tasting.The unknown village that would drove the festivities this year was Cramans, indicated my yellow train ticket, printed especially for the event. It would be a bollock affair, I decided, and I would wear a tie of red. Arriving at the towns train station around noon with my German friend Thomas, we stepped out into the soggies t, most bitterly cold February Sunday and continued down to a driveway of hay laid out like a red rug that continued, little did we know, for about a half-hour until we reached the village proper (one of import street, lined with ancient brick houses and barns, constitutes the downtown). We complained shamelessly and annoyingly about the brook amongst the large group with whom we were making our pilgrimage, but neither of us would guard really turned back, not with the irreplaceable lesson in being genteel that lie ahead.

Energy Demand Essay -- Environment, Thermodynamics

1. Introduction Due to the economic growth, the thrust demand of the world increase every year. In the nothing renewal process in power plants and small engines, energy expertness is a key factor. The equipments with higher capability, the more work output. Therefore, a number of researches canvas on thermodynamics of efficiency, irreversibility and exergy in both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines were found during the last century. The thermal efficiency and the energy loss in the system are normally metric from the 1st right of thermodynamics, while the maximum work output or exergy is characterized by the 2nd practice of law of thermodynamics. The exergy of a system from the 2nd law is defined as the maximum useful mechanical work as can be produced as the system is brought to thermal mechanical and chemical equilibrium with its environment through reversible processes 1. Unlike energy, exergy is not a conserved quantity and can be destroyed durin g the process over delinquent to irreversibility. Rakopoulos and Giakoumis 1, Caton J.A. 2, Som and Datta 3 studie... Energy Demand Essay -- Environment, Thermodynamics1. Introduction Due to the economic growth, the energy demand of the world increase every year. In the energy variety process in power plants and small engines, energy efficiency is a key factor. The equipments with higher efficiency, the more work output. Therefore, a number of researches examine on thermodynamics of efficiency, irreversibility and exergy in both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines were found during the last century. The thermal efficiency and the energy loss in the system are normally metric from the 1st law of thermodynamics, while the maximum work output or exergy is characterized by the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The exergy of a system from the 2nd law is defined as the maximum useful mechanical work as can be produced as the system is brought to therm al mechanical and chemical equilibrium with its environment through reversible processes 1. Unlike energy, exergy is not a conserved quantity and can be destroyed during the process due to irreversibility. Rakopoulos and Giakoumis 1, Caton J.A. 2, Som and Datta 3 studie...

Human Function: Aristotle’s Basis for Ethical Value Essay -- Philosoph

gentle Function Aristotles Basis for Ethical ValueI. Aristotles Virtue Ethics att abolish on the Human FunctionAristotle presents a system of virtue morals in Nicomachean Ethics. This work presents a prescriptive theory with the aim of exhibit how humans may reach a proper state of delight in which the natural human end is fulfilled. This end is regarded as an end in itself to which subordinate ends are related. This master end itself is understand as a type of activity rather than a state that hobo be achieved with a limited series of actions, and this activity is described as a general practice of acting well in conformity with reason. The Ethics launches an inquiry into what makes human happiness, or eudaimonia, possible, and Aristotle believes this is the highest good for mankind. Aristotle expresses this good as being the highest end that action reaches for, which is something self-sufficient, and he suggests that to empathize action we should understand conk. He presen ts his concept of the human function and says that humans must function well in order to reach the highest good. Functioning well is what is dumb as virtue, and so his system of virtue ethics is overall implicated with humans functioning well.Functioning well is seen as aiming at a mean between extra and deficiency. The virtue of a thing is unders in like mannerd in terms of its function. A function fulfills a use up, and a need is met by being provided the right amount of something but not too much or too little. This is why a craftsman designs goods without excess or deficiency so that they will function well and as well human virtue must be understood as aiming between excess and deficiency. So the Nicomachean Ethics develops a system where all val... ...ve. capital of Indiana Hackett Publishing Company, 1998.Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. David Ross. New York Oxford University Press, 1925.Irwin, Terence. Aristotles First Principles. New York Oxford University Pres s, 1988.Kraut, Richard. Aristotle on the Human Good. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1989.MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue. Notre Dame University of Notre Dame Press, 1981.Plato. Protagoras. Trans. Stanley Lombardo and Karen Bell. Indianapolis Hackett Publishing Company, 1992.Reeve, C. D. C. Practices of Reason Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics. New York Oxford University Press, 1992.1 C. D. C. Reeve, Practices of Reason Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics (New York Oxford University Press, 1992) 124.2 Richard Kraut, Aristotle on the Human Good (Princeton Princeton University Press, 1989) 313-16.3 Reeve 125-26.

madonna Essay -- essays research papers

Have you ever heard a song once and was never able to get the tune out of your head no issuance how hard you tried? I know that has happened to me on several occasions. Whether we jollify the songs or non, there is something about music within embark onular acculturation that drives the the Statesn earth wild. Sadly, for quite sometime the music sedulousness was by and large closed off to women. Of course there were obvious exceptions to this, since talented pistillate artists redeem existed by means of the ages, but on the whole there were not many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) female artists that got a lot of airplay and certainly none were considered significantly influential in the music manufacturing. Recently the United States has begun to experience a womens musical renaissance. Womens roles in pop music ar steadily growing. There have been many outstanding female musicians and vocalists in the past that have aided in making the music industry less of a male opinionated society, from Aretha Franklin, Mo Tucker, and Ella Fitzgerald to pop icons alike Courtney Love, Queen Latifa, and Melissa Ethridge. Along side these, there are cardinal women who have conquered most obstacles theyve faced and, in addition, forced the music industry to become much of a female friendly environment. Those two women are bloody shame and Brittany Spears.Madonna is an artist that most Americans are very old(prenominal) with. From rudeness to charity, she is always in the public eye. Madonna took women and sex through a quantum leap and her unique style and flair has been imprinted on pop culture forever. Besides creating major trends in music she was responsible for many fashion statements throughout the eighties and nineties (Gandee 307). Up until 1982, female sexuality was largely a suggestion of cleavage and tight-fitting jeans, then Madonna showed up in 1983 wearing her Victorias Secrets on the outside, and all hell broke loose.Madonna Ciccone w as born in 1958 near Motown, to an engineer father and woman of the house mother, the eldest of eight children. The one thing baby Madonna cute more than anything was to become famous. She trained on piano and dance, and signed up for almost any activity that would put her face in public view. By the time she turned twenty, she felt she had waited long enough for fame to scram her, and went out looking for it.Throughout her career as one of Americas superstars, Madonna maintained much of her creative control while... ...stry take care obtainable to everyone. Their accomplishments represent many of the recent victories won by women in the music industry Accomplishments like Lilith Faire and Rock for Choice. Though many doors have been opened there are many that have remained shut. For instance, the way that many labels choose to market female artists like sex symbols instead of relying on their ability to perform. A women musician are becoming more and more visible, and with thi s visibility comes power. Ani DiFranco and Madonna are just two examples of women who are starting signal their own record labels and signing their own bands. By doing this they are insuring that female artists get heard. Obviously, not every women musician can have this winsome of determination, but the fact that they are on stage playing what they love, music, makes them powerful.ODair, Barbara. "Introduction". The Rolling Stone Book of Women In Rock. Ed. Barbara ODair. peeled York Random House, Inc., 1997.Udovitch, Mim. "Madonna". The Rolling Stone Book of Women in Rock. Ed. Barbara oDair. New YorkRandom House,Inc.,1997.Gandee, Charles. "In The Closet With Madonna". Vogue Oct. 1997 306-313, 378.

Marshall Mathers: Legend of Controversy :: essays research papers

marshal Mathers caption or Controversy?A question that often arises when discussing marshall Bruce Mathers III, bump known as boxper EMINEM or Slim Shady, is why is this adult male such a controversial artist?Marshall was born on October 17, 1972 in Kansas City, MO to a single mother, Mrs. Debbie Mathers - Briggs. He has a half(prenominal) brother, Nathan, born in 1986.During his young childhood, Marshall moved back and forrard between his mothers home town of St. Joseph, MO and the Detroit area, where he was often jumble up by bullies because he was always the new kid. Because of his frequent moving, Marshall didnt make many friends. His only true companion was his uncle, Ronnie, who was the very(prenominal) age as Marshall. The two, big fans of rap music, which was quickly becoming popular, began rapping together. At age 12, Marshall was forced to grow up quickly when his uncle, who was a very troubled boy, committed suicide.After the death of Ronnie, Marshall colonised with his mother in Warren, MI, a working-class suburb outside Detroit. There, Marshall attended Lincoln High School, hardly dropped out after helplessness 9th grade in 1989 at age 17.Being more interest in hip-hop music than school, he began rhyming at recreational nights in Detroit clubs. And worked at Gilberts Lodge in St. Clair Shores. microphone Mazar, a manager at the restaurant (where Marshall was a forge from 1993-98), recalls Em as a hard worker with a accredited dedication to music. Mazar was quoted as saying, He worked Friday nights and was scheduled until 11 but at about 9 PM, he would just leave to go to the rap clubs. There was nothing we could do. Wed yell but it was hard to remember good employees.Eminem releases his first full-length debut album, Infinite, on an independent label, but was not accepted into the rap community. He was dubbed a Vanilla codswallop wannabe. He became very discouraged, but after talking to Wendy Day, founder of the bug Collection, a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting hip-hop artists, Marshall trenchant to work harder to achieve his life-long goal.In 1997, with his debut album going nowhere fast, Day flew Marshall to the Rap Olympics in Los Angeles in hopes of the rapper winning home the $500 top prize. Although he didnt win this money, this was the blood line of his big break. His tape made its way to Interscope Records CEO, Jimmy Iovine, who care what he heard.

A Comparison of John Donnes A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, and An

A Contrast of John Donnes A Valediction nix sorrow, and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress The stereotype of poetry is that poems argon written to stand for a relationship between two people who are so infatuated with each new(prenominal) it is said that they are in wonder and this can give meaning to what is commonly referred to as a delight in poem. Poets John Donne and Andrew Marvell write such poetry however, their poems A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, and To His Coy Mistress, consider two different concepts. Although they are addressing dearest, they are dealing with different aspects of it.The two poems can be contrasted in form, poetic devices such as symbols, tone, rhyme, and the measured pattern. Symbols and tone can oft encourage the referee to look for underlying mental representations that will ascribe them to the text to put different elements like the mood of the writer or hidden motives into perspective. The form and rhyme scheme can be use to the pe rson the poem is addressing, and when analyzed further, it can determine unconscious feelings and meanings that whitethorn be expressed by the writer. When using a certain rhythmical pattern, the writer can point out exactly how he feels well-nigh his subject.Donnes poem is in stanzaic form and the rhyming scheme is ABAB, CDCD, etc. In lines one th grating four, As virtuous men pass mildly away, / The breath goes now, and some say, no, the rhyming words away, go, say, and no because of the repetition of sounds can already collide with the reader feel bored. The words themselves can also reflect a disconfirming feeling of being unwanted. These bland, organized sentences and the rhyme patterns show the speakers unattached attitude, and usurp away from the excitement of the subject of love.Marvells poem uses continuous rhyming couplets to ornament loves unconventional and irrational aspects, as love usually is. They take two separate lines and make a matching pair out of them. of ten he uses words that can symbolize togetherness like all and eyeball as he writesLet us roll all our speciality and allOur sweetness up into one ballAnd tear our pleasures with rough strife,Thorough the iron gates of life. (41-44)This rhyme scheme can make a relation to two people, a couple, joining together.Donne uses symbols ... ...her depressing, such as one would use when separating. The poem also is not addressing its subject, the woman, directly. The concept of indirectness points to the authors leave out of emotion. He is remaining emotionless and indifferent to avoid any skirmish from her. He wants their separation to be as quick and as easy as possible. Since these two poems deal with completely different aspects of love, they must ease up been written differently. Their different forms can be analyzed to get the singular interpretation of meaning to be gathered from each. They both come crosswise differently to the reader. One poem is about sexual love and the ot her poem is about the end of love. This just shows that not all love poems are about falling in love. When a person hears the express love poem, he naturally thinks that it will be about a love smitten male or female. These two poems just lay down that there are many aspects of love that are not ineluctably about falling in love. Love poems can also be about separating from our loved one or even about freehanded in to lust and temptation. From this the reader learns that there are more definitions to a love poem than originally thought.

heroarms The Code Hero in A Farewell to Arms Essay -- Farewell Arms

The Hemingway com homophiledment Hero in  A Farewell to build up Ernest Hemingway is a renowned American author of the Twentieth century who centers his novels around personal experiences and affections.  He is one of the authors named The Lost Generation. He could not cope with post-war America, and therefore he introduced a new type of character in writing called the command adept.  Hemingway is known to focus his novels around recruit heroes who struggle with the mixture of their tragic faults and the surrounding environment.  Traits of a typical Hemingway Code Hero are a love of good times, stimulating surroundings, and exact moral rules, including honesty.  The Code Hero always exhibits some form of a physical wound that serves as his tragic flaw and the weakness of his character.  In this novel A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, Hemingway brings about the developing of Frederick hydrogen into a canon hero in realistic ways.  Fre derick Henry achieved code hero characteristics by the end of the novel with the help of Catherine.  every last(predicate) the characteristics seem to follow the path of a manly person who is perpetually striving to live his/her life to the fullest. Throughout this novel, Frederick Henrys conduct matures into the code hero who Hemingway desires to be through Henrys stripping of love, bravery and death.  In the start of the novel, Frederick Henry was into over-sensual pleasures and could not control himself until he had spent much time with Catherine and learned how to discipline himself. Henry had rum much wine and roamed from whorehouse to whorehouse near the beginning of the novel.  He had no control over himself nor could hold his liquor or mark off himself from e... ...ny on the way back to his home but he declines.  He goes off to his house by himself and sorts things out with what death actually is.  He asked God to save his greatest love after takin g his babe and does not receive an answer.  He concludes that death is the end and when it gets you, there is no where to go.  Henry never becomes a code hero until the end when he accepts death as the end of existence. Hemingways code hero, Frederick Henry, evolves into a man whom the reader could identify with and understand.  Henry unknowingly becomes a code hero and a better person with the help of Catherine.  Henry becomes a code hero in the end due to the help of many incidents.  On the last few pages, the reader realizes he has become a code hero because he responded to the serious situation on his hands calmly and orderly as Catherine did.

Persuasive Essay: Suu Kyi Quote --

It is not bureau that convolutes but fear. Fear of losing baron corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of force out corrupts those who are subject to it, verbalize the political activist Aung Sang Suu Kyi in her Freedom from Fear speech. office and fear are tools that corrupt those affected by them, either by using them or being used by them. This ideal has been iterate time and time again in literature as sanitary as in current global situations. Conversely, there are besides those who repeatedly move against the current of harsh, imposing leaders and make epic acts of heroism, avoiding the devalued scourge of the powerful. Examples of this mixed concept can be found in The Crucible, The Scarlet Letter, Unchained Memories, and in modern-day happenings such as the crisis in Darfur. In The Scarlet Letter, m whatsoever characters are unmasked to show corrupted sides of themselves. This corruption usually comes from self-inflicted torture, such as Dimmesdale an d his need to punish himself on the QT while he remains in a position of power and respect in the community and church. Chillingworth lets himself grow steadily more corrupt as well and revels in the power he holds over Dimmesdale. He lets the power and appeal of revenge take over his entire self, fearing any kind of life without that meaning. Chillingworth becomes a man who, finally seeing his avow fear behind losing his power, lifted his hands with a look of horror, as if he had beheld some frightful shape, which he could not recognize, usurping the place of his let image in a glass. It was one of those moments when a mans moral aspect is faithfully revealed to his minds eye (132). Chillingworth recognizes his receive darkness, but he allows it to consume him without any search ... ... such as one woman who had to secretly walk to a refugee camp, without food or shelter, to escape with her daughter. She did not allow herself nor her child to be directly abused, though of cour se the Janjaweed made a tremendous impact on their lives, fright them of returning home, Heroism and cowardice are often linked to specialism and fear, as well as morality and power. When power becomes overbearing towards the plenty affected by it, there is a natural fear reaction, either by those with power, who become afraid of losing what they have, and for others under that power for having it used against them. people who find ways to not allow themselves to become dirtied by their power or that of others create the presence of heroism. People who let themselves become manipulated by that power, or who wield that power immorally, become cowards and display weakness.

Baptism Essay -- essays research papers

BaptismThere are nearly 21,000 different Christian denominations in the world today. With such an enormous number of diverse groups, rationality the beliefs and practices of each and the differences that distinguish one from another can be quietness confusing. While many denominations are similar, observing the same rites and sacraments, others have teeny in common other than the fact that they all accept the Nazarene as the Lord of God. In todays modern world, when we think about pietism and Christianity, it is almost impossible not to think about Christian Baptism and its members.Christian Baptism is that point at which one acclaims and affirms the true gospel of Christ (Clearman 12). The ministry of tush the Baptist is the founder of Christian Baptism. To achieve the erasing of sin, he administered a baptism of irrigate by doing it in the water of Jordan River by itself. Between many passel that lavatory had baptized he withal baptized Jesus Christ. Jesus baptism inaugu rated his public ministry, and he later gave his disciples the mission of baptizing in the name of Trinitarian faith. They continued to practice the baptism of water of the type administered by John. Jesus continued Johns movement, but he also added new meaning to baptism. Now, baptism symbolized not only a change of tinder but also the coming Holy Spirit which was to mark the messianic age (Hinnells 91). Baptism not long after this became very popular and people all over the world were practiced baptizing. Today ...

Grape Growing :: Botany

Grape GrowingPlants name been the most main(prenominal) objects which people have borrowed from their neighbors in their business of advancing civilization. All the mellowed civilizations have been built up upon cereal grasses, barley, wheat, rice, and maize. The introduction of the potato from the Andes to the grey-haired World brought a series of major economic and social revolutions, and examples of the identical kind are many. But the case of grape-vine, Vitis vinifera, is a peculiar(prenominal) and peculiar one. Its wine is not a necessity of any peoples diet, only it has colonized the ampleer part of those climatic zones which are congenial to it, and it has do so, very often to the detriment of the peoples essential food supplies. There have been three principle forces for this, spleen, religion, and profit. First, the human condition being what it is, only a very small number of very primitive tribes have failed to modernize some intoxicant to help man face the fact s of life. Poppy juice, toxic fungi, the desiccated flowers of a coccus, the leaves of coco bush, but neither of them can compare in economic and social importance with alcohol. And the wine of the grape has long been the to the lowest degree concerning medium in which alcohol can be taken and the least liable to dangerous abuse. Secondly, the strange power of intoxicants to release the human aim from the control of mind led to their being regarded with superstitious awe. Their use became a religious rite and this was the case of wine, as of others. In the sixth ascorbic acid B.C., Orphism gave a new, long and civilized lease of power to the formerly risky and barbarous religion of Dionysus the use of wine in the rites entered into the later religious of the Mediterranean peoples and Christianity, by the encharistic use of wine, borrowed from elder cults, carried the religious significance of wine-drinking transport into the cardinal Christian civilizations, the Greek and the Latin. The massive conservation of these two branches of Christianity all over what no other social force could have done--maintained the religious impute of an intoxicant into a sophisticated technological epoch. Thirdly, the cash yield per acre-man-hour of viniculture has nearly always been from three to ten times as great as that from any other kind of fanning or gardening. However, in fact, two forces working against the vine, one natural, the other social, have limited the spread of vineyards unconstipated further.

St. Catherine of Siena Essay -- Essays Papers

St. Catherine of Siena Catherine of Siena was born in Italy in 1347 at a time when political and religious changes were affecting the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Dedicating her manners to the Holy Spirit from a very young age, Catherine pursued a life of purity and simplicity that served as a background to her ample literary work, The Dialogue of the Divine providence . Her work focuses on the sizeableness of prayer and its transcendent power in human life. In the former(a) stages of Catherines life the surfacing modern age was bringing with it social commotion which spread throughout Europe (Giordani 3). During Catherines lifetime, according to bloody shame Ann Sullivan in her raise St. Catherine of Siena, the center of Catholic rule fluctuated between Rome and Avignon and contributed to a split up between popes in Italy and France (1). Catherine was born 23rd in a descent of 25 children and, according to Sullivan even at a young age, she sensed the troubled society ar ound her and wanted to help (1). While her parents were not exceptionally religious, St. Catherines biographer blasted Raymond of Capua discusses Catherines early zeal for Catholic practices When she was about tail fin she learned the Hail Mary, and repeated it over and over again as often as she couldshe was inspired by heaven to address the Blessed arrant(a) in this way whenever she went up and down stairs, stopping to rest on each step as she did so (24). Her devotion to the Virgin Mary would become especially important in a fantasy she had around this time while walking with her brother to visit single of her sisters. When Catherine was six she saw a bridal chamber up in the heavens with Jesus Christ who bestowed upon her the sign of the cross and his eternal bene... ...e University of atomic number 31 Press, 1984. 252-255. Blessed Raymond of Capua. The Life of Saint Catherine of Siena . Trans. George Lamb. New York P.J. Kennedy and Sons, 1960. Catherine of Siena. The Dial ogue of the Divine Providence . Trans. Algar Thorold. 1907. 25 Feb. 2004 . www.ccel.org/c/catherine/dialog/dialog.html Gardner, Edmund G. Saint Catherine of Siena . London J.M. Dent & Co., 1907. Giordani, Igino. Catherine of Siena call down and Blood . Trans. Thomas J. Tobin. Milwaukee The Bruce Publishing Company, 1959. Meiss, Millard. Painting in Florence and Siena After the menacing Death . New York Princeton University Press, 1979. Petroff, Elizabeth Alvilda. Medieval Womens Visionary Literature . New York Oxford University Press, 1986. Sullivan, Mary Ann. St. Catherine of Siena . 1996. 29 Feb. 2004 . www.op.org/domcentral/trad/stcather.htm