Living the American Dream: Of Mice and Men Essay

What is the American Dream? There are a myriad of aspects to it, but one general idea: the ideal life. It is making a lot of money, being respected, and triumphing difficult situations. In the book Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, Lennie and George’s dream is to live on a ranch of their own. But through these difficult times will their hard work pay off? In his novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck highlights Lennie, Crooks and Carlyss wife to demonstrate that many pursue the American Dream, but only a few succeed. Through out the novel Lennie had many little dreams. Their perfect world is one of independence. Workers like Lennie and George have no family, no home, and very little control over their lives; they only have what they carry. This gives them motivation to work and make money to go towards their dream. â€Å"‘Well,’ said George, ‘we’ll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter, we’ll just say the hell with goin’ to work, and we’ll build up a fire in the stove and set around it an’ listen to the rain comin’ down on the roof†¦'†(Steinbeck 14). Lennie has a dream before he even reaches the new ranch, he wants to tend the rabbits â€Å"an’ live of the fatta the lan’† (Steinbeck 14). He wants to be able to do what he loves to do. Will Lennie complete his dream? In the novel Of Mice and Men, Crooks similar to Lennie has many dreams. Crooks is very separated from the other men because of his race; they don’t converse or spend time with one and other. He feels very alone, he once said,† ‘Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, all of you stink to me.†(Steinbeck 68). Crooks dream is to be accepted and equal with the other men on the ranch. Just because he is only one of the black men in town he believes he should be treated the same way, he should be playing cards and going out with them. Crooks also wants to join Lennie and Candy in their dream at the new ranch, â€Å"†¦If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why I’d come and lend a hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Steinbeck 76). Crooks wanted to join them so he wouldn’t be alone. Will he ever be accepted and accomplish his dream? Curley’s wife has a dream that although different in detail from the other’s dreams, is still very similar in its general desires. Curley’s wife is very unsatisfied by Curly; she consistently hangs around the barn, trying to engage in other workers conversations. She wants companionship; she is so helpless she will talk to the men on the ranch that doesn’t like her. She also has a dream like the other men on the ranch; she wanted to be an actress in Hollywood. She imagines how great it would be to stay in nice hotels, own lots of beautiful clothes, and have people want to take her photograph (Steinbeck 89). Both attention and financial security would have been hers. Like the men she desires friendship, and also material comforts, though the specifics of her dream differ from theirs. Will she ever achieve her dream? Many pursue the American Dream, but only a few succeed. In this novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck created many dreams for Lennie, Crooks, and Curley’s wife but none of them succeed. Lennie died he was shot by George, crooks bfjdlsfs, and Lennie killed Curley’s wife. Thought out the story these characters saw hope and they tried to catch it but they were not successful. Everyone dreams of the American Dream. Works Cited: Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Group, 1937

Consider the Importance of Forecasting for the Global Supply Chain of a Retail Food Company

Forecasting is a management planning tool which is aimed at coping with future uncertainties, depending mostly on data of past and present as well as trend analysis (Chopra & Meindl 2010). The core characteristics of today’s forward looking supply chains is flexibility and agility which utilises forecast, as one of the most enhanced planning systems of supply chain strategies to provide the needed capability to quickly respond to changes in situations which positions the agile supply chain profitably (Acar & Gardner, 2012).Forecasting is a critical element in any organisations decision making processes since its accuracy helps organisations to opt for the appropriate actions pertinent to demand planning, promotion planning, new product launch and inventory management in order for the business to become efficient and lean. Hence organisations are now paying particular attention to how the quality of forecasting can be enhanced in order to increase the accuracy of its output (Ac ar & Gardner, 2012).In so doing organisations must consider collaboration building with the entire supply chain in order to generate a more accurate forecast which will maximise the performance of the supply chain (Shu et al. , 2011). In a retail food company, it is essential to apply the appropriate storage procedures and inventory technique to able to serve customers better, because of this, forecasting plays a critical role in the efficiency of the company.Hence, forecasting in the retail food industry has become more challenging as result of price wars among competitors, uncertainty occurring from natural disasters, climate changes and epidemics (Hayya et al. , 2006). As a retail food company based in UK, Tesco considers availability of product as naturally the main competitive drive to success in the retail food industry and with products of over 50, 000 on its shelves, 6 distinctive store formats and operating in 14 countries, establishing proper inventory could be very diffic ult.A sales projection based on past patterns, which is classified as ‘base-level’ forecast, is very complex. Tesco distribution network centres and advanced technology have been developed to uphold the modern and cost effective supply chain. The efficiency of the distribution system understands the product needs of every store. This is achieved in two methods, forecasting the preferences of the customers by employing refined, detailed models which considers variables for instance, seasonality, weather forecasts as well as responding to promotions.The second deals with the automated system ordering, which helps in updating in real time on what customers really want to buy, in order to quickly and accurately provide stores with the right products at the right time. An improvement in the accuracy of sales forecasting by Tesco has enhance the availability of products for customers and decrease the supply chain cost. Tesco forecast accuracy is achieved by sharing valuable d ata beneficial to its entire supply chain via its web-based system known as TescoConnect to achieve an effective inventory system and lean supply chain.By utilising the capabilities of IT in the forecasting and integration of its partners, it enables them to make each part of the supply chain process productive. However, one of the challenges associated to supply chain is poor forecasting resulting in supply chain inefficiencies and lack of responsiveness which can create stock-outs in the shelves of Tesco. References: Acar, Y. & Gardner, E. S. (2012) ‘Forecasting Method Selection in a Global Supply Chain’, International Journal of Forecasting, 28(4), pp. 842-848, [Online]. DOI: 10. 1016/j. ijforecast. 2011. 11. 003 (Accessed: 9 March 2013) Chopra, S. amp; Meindl, P. (2010) Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation. 4th Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Hayya et al. (2006) ‘Estimation in Supply Chain In Inventory Management’, Interna tional Journal of Production Research, 44(7), pp. 1313-1330, [Online]. DOI: 10. 1080/00207540500338039 (Accessed: 9 March 2013) Shu et al. (2011) ‘Supply Chain Collaborative Forecasting Methods Based on Factors’, International Journal of Innovation & Technology Management, 8(1), pp. 135-157, [Online]. DOI: 10. 1142/S0219877011002180 (Accessed: 9 March 2013)

Racism in Roll of Thunder Essay

Mildred Taylor’s remarkable novel, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, annotates, portrays, and demonstrates the vivid image of the ugly race prejudice, effectively, that the African Americans experienced in the 1930s, during the American Depression. In Taylor’s enthralling novel, racism comes across as a major and influential theme as the novel progresses and revolves around a young girl, Cassie Logan, who matures with racial conflict around her. Racism is apparent from the beginning of the novel. It is depicted from the beginning that African Americans are treated terribly, and they must work extremely hard, to earn the money they need to provide their family, with shelter, and food. Papa must work away from home to earn himself a good salary to keep the Logan’s own land, rather than working as sharecroppers on someone else’s land. The second example of the callous segregation is evident, as it is seen that the â€Å"elite white community† have transport to school, while the harshly treated African Americans are deprived of this service, and are forced to walk to school. Also, the whites are inconsiderate, intentionally splashing mud on the blacks’ clothes. The Berry’s burnings is a significant incident revealing the cruel manner the white community behave towards the African Americans, burning them taking â€Å"a match to them,† without any justifiable reason, portraying the discrimination between the people. At school, an important instance of racism takes place, when the students of the black school, The Great Faith Elementary School, received â€Å"new† books. These books were in the poorest condition, as they were the left-overs of the whites. The inside cover of the books were highly provocative, both insulting and offensive to the African Americans, using repulsive comments to describe their race such as ‘nigra. ‘ The law also seems to be in favour of the white community, showing the extensive segregation between the whites and blacks. It is evident when Mr. Morrison explains why he lost his job – Mr. Morrison was blamed in a fight with the whites, although it wasn’t his fault. There are rarely any whites who are friendly with the whites, and those who are, are despised. This is the case with Jeremy, who walks to school everyday with the blacks. He is often bullied, mocked, and teased at school, and is beaten at home. The abhorrence of the underprivileged blacks by the whites is remarkably large, throughout the novel. As the novel progresses it is seen that Papa tries to explain to Stacey to hang out less with Jeremy, â€Å"We Logans don’t have much to do with the white folks. You know why? † Papa says, believing that whites and blacks will never really be friends, â€Å"Cause white folks mean trouble,† with this it also demonstrates hatred between the two races. The intensity of racial discrimination is massive when TJ talks about the night men. The whites â€Å"tarred and feathered him,† making the African Americans feel inferior – treating them of no value and worthless. Cassie, herself, is a victim of one of the racism incidents. On her visit to Strawberry, she is forced to apologize repeatedly to Lillian Jean, a white, humiliating herself greatly. Even her family, who are strong-willed, cannot prevent such things from happening – trying to stay away from consequences. Cassie is mentally hurt after this situation. Racist comments are at is summit as the story progresses. Kaleb Wallace, to Mr. Morrison, sputtered, â€Å"You big black nigger, I oughta cut your heart out for what you done! My brothers laid up like they is and you still runnin around free as a white man. Downright sinful, that’s what it is! Why? I oughta gun you down right where you sit. † This quote shows the filthy comments the whites use towards the blacks. As the story nears its conclusion, TJ gets influenced by the white community, and gets into stealing. TJ goes to a Barnett’s store with his white â€Å"friends,† to get himself the pearl handed pistol. At the shop, the whites – wearing a mask – kill Mr. Barnett, a white man. TJ Avery is immediately entirely blamed for the sequence of events. This shows, again, the law in much favour of the whites – as the police don’t even look into the issue – they don’t care who is guilty, but immediately find a black man to blame. If the roles had been reversed, circumstances and the events that took place would have been completely different. The whites simply want to punish some blacks, and they can do so easily, as no one dares to stop them. Throughout the story, there are several racist remarks passed to the African Americans emphasizing the conditions they faced. Life for the African Americans in the 1930s was completely unjust. Judgment based solely on physical appearance exists, to date, and is still a controversial issue.

Pricing Tourism Services Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pricing Tourism Services - Case Study Example Then there is a set of dependent and independent variables. Price is a dependent variable with regard to demand and so is supply. Thus price plays a pivotal role in determining the equilibrium demand and supply. For instance the dependent variable of demand, viz. the availability of substitutes elsewhere such as those in Sydney influences this outcome. According to this outcome, the ACC must make a special effort to attract a variety of customers. The feasibility study provides just that information. The Adventure Climb Company's (ACC) supply curve is relatively inelastic perhaps because of the fact that supply doesn't respond to price changes and demand variations instantly (Gregory, 2007). In the first instance equilibrium demand for Brisbane Story Bridge climbs is determined by a number of factors such as the price of the product, consumers' incomes, the availability of substitutes, prices of those substitutes, the geographical proximity to the place where substitutes are available, the impact of weather patterns, interstate tax variabilities, supply constraints such as resource-mobility and consumers' preferences for variety. Equilibrium price is determined more or less by some of the same above factors in addition to the level of supply and the elasticity of supply. In other words the supply of Brisbane Story Bridge climbs is relatively inelastic (Rofail, 2002). Thi... S D P2P1 D S QuantityQ2 Q1 Q3This is illustrated by the above diagram. The market equilibrium is identical to the firm's equilibrium here. On the other hand the demand curve is rather elastic because consumers are able to respond to price with instantaneous effect. Thus the market equilibrium for the ACC is shown by the price, P1 where the quantity demanded and supplied is equal to Q1. This outcome would solve the problem of the ACC by identifying the consumer's willingness to pay P1 in Brisbane.Sydney and Brisbane are two separate regions and therefore the impact of selling walks across the Sydney Harbor Bridge on the business in Brisbane can be summarized as economically varied. For example when resources are separately managed to provide services in two different locations there can be quite strain on the scale of operations in each location. Assuming that the demand for walks in Sydney is constant or growing at a steady p0redictable pace, then the existing resources can be combined to pr oduce the best output. However, demand for walks in Sydney might be influenced by other external factors such as the existence of the Harbor as a place of extra attraction (www.igougo.com). Landmarks such as harbors with an international reputation are more likely to

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words - 1

Strategic management - Essay Example Corporate culture describes and governs the thinking, feeling and actions of owners of companies and employees. It does not matter whether corporate culture is written as a mission statement or merely understood by organisational publics. Corporate culture may be founded on the beliefs spelled out in the mission statement or be consisted in the part of a corporate symbol. For example, Apple’s corporate culture is reflected in its rainbow-coloured apple. Contemporary managers are always keen on the corporate culture of their organisations. According to Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, Angwin and RegneÃŒ r (2014), corporate culture has a critical role to play as far as determination of organisational performance is concerned. Fundamentally, how well a business performs is contingent upon the ways through which people behave in organisations. Behaviours, as contended by Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel (2009), comprise of the actions that lead to production of results. Corporate culture is a subset of these actions; this is why corporate culture is directly proportional to the performance of a business. Capon (2008) believed that all organisations have a developed set of assumptions, understandings, and implicit rules that govern the daily behaviours in the workplace. All businesses have their own cultures that determine the relationships between them and external stakeholders. Corporate culture is not constant and fixed within an organisation. Volberda (2011) posit that all aspects of organisations should feature flexibility in order to enhance adaptability across time, place, and circumstances. If a company is not happy with the current corporate culture, the management can begin looking for ways of changing it into what they want. The management can find alternative symbol, believes, attitudes and even values that can change the direction of behaviour. The management, in this case, should ensure

Palm Treo for Management Information Systems Essay

Palm Treo for Management Information Systems - Essay Example Most of the cases, the equipment comes with all the information that is needed in the form of user manual and troubleshooting information. In case, this information is needed, it is obtained on the web. If the problem is still not resolved, the call center of the company can be reached using a toll free number in US and in most other countries. This vouches for their support. Specifications: Palm Treo 755p is a smart phone that combines the phone with mobile computing. It runs on Palm OS; a smart phone with wireless email, a built in web browser and rich multi media capabilities. It comes with an inbuilt memory of 3.6MB of Flash RAM preloaded with MS Word MS Excel and MS PowerPoint apart from other standard emailing software too. On the phone side, it has a large color touch screen, Qwerty key board with a built in speaker phone, conference calling, speed dialing, call history, caller id and a built in organizer. It also supports on the move Google Maps, Push technology on the Microsoft Outlook to push your emails out. Broad band network employing EvDO technology, an in-built camera for video or for stills, streaming of both radio and TV over the internet and using the system as an high speed modem. All this makes the Palm Treo a new high end smart phone. Pros and Cons: The smart phone brings in a new mobile computing platform to the company enabling every one of the user to be in continuous touch with others. This would ensure that jobs get done faster. This also is a negative feature since there is no rest for the employee unless he or she switches on the phone. Technically, the phone directly communicates with Windows environment PCs but since the server of the company is on Unix and Linux based systems, there needs to be conversion, which the company has to make use of. Otherwise, data availability to the marketing and support people will enable the company to provide swift support as well as the possibility to remind the customer across the table on pending payments or order dues even on the move. Users comment that the phone is easier to use and the screen is light on the eye. The sound is good says another user. (available at: http://www.mobiletechreview.com/Treo-700w.htm). Also the technology that has been made use, make it a very reliable phone and a smart phone / PDA at that. The phone is scores a strong 10 out of 10 technically; 8 out 10 for user friendliness and therefore, an overall 9 out of 10 as a smart

Communication and Culture Issues over disrupted Software management Assignment

Communication and Culture Issues over disrupted Software management - Assignment Example Considering that a single organization cannot afford to undertake the production and distribution of the software globally on its own, the collaboration with other partners to achieve this is inevitable (Andreessen, 2011). It is this collaboration with other business partners that makes the coordination of the business more complex, threatening to affect the software development project negatively. As observed by Lee, Delone and Espinosa, the factors that creates major barriers to the coordination between the software producers and their partners include geographic distance, time separation, cultural differences, language differences and organizational boundaries (Lee, Delone, & Espinosa, 2006). Complexity of Global coordination Businesses rarely understand what makes the global software business successful. Thus even when confronted by such challenges, businesses are not in a position to dissect and clearly identify the appropriate strategies that would see them overcome these chall enges (Gonsalves, 2011). Nevertheless, there are certain strategies that can be applied to overcome such challenges, which include building a common platform, where the business partners should share an initial understanding of the suitable framework that would drive the collaboration between these business partners successful (Rosenberg, 2012). Labor organization is yet another strategy applicable to overcome the challenges of global software business partners’ communication since it entails the allocation of specialized duties to each of the partners, which ensures that they do not duplicate or overstep their operations thus avoiding the confusion that would ensue (Hoffman, 2013). The creation of understanding is yet another vital strategy, which calls upon the software business partners to share the challenge they face in a single platform, which will create a reference point for future operation plans, and thus help in avoiding the same challenges. Educating the team memb ers on the unique challenges facing the global software business and informing them of the strategies applicable to effectively overcome such challenges goes a long way in preparing the teams on how to address future challenges based on the past experiences (Brett, Behfar & Kern, 2006). Technology readiness is yet another strategy applicable, which impresses upon the team members to always prepare to adapt to new technologies that would enhance their collaboration. Increasing the frequency of new software development, coupled with teamwork which enables the teams to work as a co-located entity serves to foster high coordination, and thus enhance speedy goal achievement for the global team (Lee, Delone, & Espinosa, 2006). The advantage created by these strategies is that they foster goal attainment for the global software development and distribution team as if the team was a single co-located entity, working in a seamless collaboration. Nevertheless, the application of such strategi es requires high levels of commitment and efforts by all the team members involved. Ramesh, Cao, Mohan and Xu observe that there is a tendency for software developm

The Rhetorical Triangle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Rhetorical Triangle - Essay Example In that, it does not leave the reader questioning about the seriousness of the writer. Additionally, the font makes the reader curious about the information is written down or the information they are about to read. Times New Roman typeface creates a decent impression especially when written in a business or school setting as it shows that the student or individual knows what they really want with their life. Additionally, using Times New Roman as a font choice makes the reader see that the person is bold in their writing, as it shows confidence and understanding of what the person needs. For example, when written in a resume compared to other fonts such as the Comic Sans, it shows that the job applicant is serious and is worthy of the job position. Therefore, although most people do not take the typefaces seriously, they say a lot about a person. In that, a person with a good character or confident may be misjudged because of the typeface they use. This means that a person should be careful in choosing their typeface in order to correspond with their character and also to leave a good impression on others.

What role does culture play in the creation of, and attempts to Essay

What role does culture play in the creation of, and attempts to uphold, international principles relating to rights and intervention - Essay Example The word â€Å"popular† was used during the fifteenth century for jurisprudence and government making (Siapera & Hands, 2004). The word â€Å"popular† and â€Å"culture† refers to necessarily disputed ideas. There are several contending explanations of pop culture. Six explanations have been defined by John Storey, in "Cultural Theory and Popular Culture". Pop culture has been altering invariably and appears solely in a specific position and time. It figures out steady flow and swirls, and constitutes and assess the composite views that are reciprocal to each other and that determine the society (Siapera & Hands, 2004). Due to the enormous usage of TV and mass media, gender relations have become a wide area of importance to be studied. Studies on gender depiction have revealed that individuality of male and female authority has been changed due to advertisements, magazines, films, music, TV and news. Most of the studies show that the mass media has mainly affected women. In case of men media including ads, film and literature has affect on them (Hollows, 2000). MacDonald debated on Rosenberg and Whites book Mass Culture by saying that pop culture is mixed with impurities that nullify the strong realness such as gender realities, destruction, loss and disaster. He also debated on elementary self-generated joys. A large number of people have been demoralized by such kind of things. As a result they need small and pleasant ethnic wares. Van den Haag debated that all sort of communication media disaffect people through personal knowledge. While ideas being coming out of the beginning, increase the significance of keeping them apart them from one another. He further said that media decreases the public’s capability to explore the living (Pitts & Pitts-Taylors, 2003). A large number of companies emphasize women in their ads for popularity. These

Love how auditing can ensure a good relationship between principle and Research Paper

Love how auditing can ensure a good relationship between principle and agents - Research Paper Example Audits enhance economic prosperity, expands the variety, number and the value of transactions that people are prepared to enter into. In recent years, however, in the light of corporate scandals, auditors are witnessing demands to improve audit quality, globally. The UK is seeing changes to promote greater transparency, but there are demands to further improve the system. The question is to how and to what extent this issue can be addressed (Bohren, Oyvind, 1998).   In order to understand all the outstanding queries, it is inevitable to have an understanding what audit means to all the parties involved in the dealings. We must ask ourselves as to what the sole purpose of an independent audit is and what are the elements that enclose the role of audit? The main reasons in the conflicts between the principles and the agents are, the principles lack trust in their agents because the information and motives are different of both parties, principles, whether rightly or wrongly, they think that the information that is being passed on by their agents is not accurate, and there is no uniformity of motives between the both parties. It is important to understand how this essential tool of audit has been developed over a period encompassing hundreds of years; it is important to understand its purpose and how useful it has become. In the domain of economy, the audits of financial data is publicly available nowadays, many factors and interests come into pla y. In this situation, a simple audit is not likely to be able to answer every question but it surely starts things up. Agency Theory defined the perception of connection for agreements which may reduce the conflicts between resources holders. Principle is the regulatory and the authoritative body to handle one or more agents at a time. The concept of Agency Theory come into being in early 70s, however it has the long diverse history

360-degree appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

360-degree appraisal - Essay Example management, this paper will provide analysis of a case study using the AMA 8-step case analysis tool as a means of installing the 360-degree appraisal in an organization (American Management Association, 2009). GE Company has its employee working in nine teams to produce GE 90 jet engines. Each of the nine teams handles the production of an engine from the initial step until the engine is ready for delivery. Each team has a goal of getting the engine produced; however, they are all responsible for management of their internal affairs including training, vacation, and overtime. Each team is equally responsible for making an adjustment to the production process, monitor product quality and take responsibility for identifying and resolving problems arising among members of the team. Decision-making in the company is based on consensus, with each team making its decisions pertaining the production process. However, the company has an overall plant manager who ensures the attention of all the teams is focused on the achievement of the company’s goals. Due to the independence nature of the teams in decision-making, the manager has little responsibilities in following up each team, as the team members feel untrusted. Unlike the conventional responsibility of decision making by managers, in the GE Company, a manager makes few decisions, with major decisions such as cost reduction and safety improvement delegated to a task force (Bressen, 2007). The challenge that comes with independent decision making by team members in a company is the disparity in the quality of the final products of the company. Since each team determines the production process, there is a likelihood that the quality of the engines would not be similar which would challenge the reputation of the company. Independent decision making by the teams in the company would result in differences in the appraisal pattern for the employees of the organization. Despite the presence of a plant manager, there

Senior Project Vet Essay Example for Free

Senior Project Vet Essay For my first hour at the Huntington Beach Pet Vet, I was introduced to the building facility and to the employees working there. I met all of the veterinarians there including Dr. Naito, Dr. Bennington and Dr. Munson. When taking a tour around the building, I got a tour of the consultation room, which is where pet owners take their pets for a doctor’s evaluation. Another room they showed me was the boarding room. The boarding room is a room designed to house dogs while their owners are away. After walking around a little more, I was guided into the surgery room where surgeries are performed on animals. After speaking with the vets I asked them what safety procedures I must follow and asked what qualifications you must meet in order to become a licensed vet. Hour 2 For the second hour I was able to observe the whole process in taking your pet to the vet. First the pet owners walk into the building and are welcomed by a lady working at the front desk. Her job is to greet the patients and make sure they sign in on the waiting list. Once the pet owners sign in they wait in the lobby for 5-10 minutes before being called in by other staff. The job of the staff is to go on the computer database and make sure they have all of the information of the pet including insurance, vaccinations etc. Once this step is complete the pet is then transported over to the evaluation room. There the doctor checks the pets weight, temperature and examines the pet to make sure nothing out of the ordinary is wrong. After the doctor is finished with the evaluation, the pet is then transported to the general treatment center where the staff and doctors work together to get tasks like vaccinations, and dental cleaning done. Since the vets don’t know every thing that could be wrong with an animal, they always refer to a medical dictionary that gives them all the information they need. Hour 3 For the 3rd hour I was taken to the boarding room to take care of the animals left by their owners. There I came across a bunch of dogs and cats of different species. When I was in the boarding room I was given instructions on how to feed certain dogs based on their owners instructions. I also gave some dogs medication and learned about the various treatments that can be given when they sustain a specific injury or sickness. In some occasions when certain pets lose their owners, the Vet clinic picks them up and places them in the boarding rooms. Once there, they are either put up for adoption, or are kept by the veterinarians. Hour 4 The 4th hour I was there I got a glimpse of a dog that was believed to have a tumor on its stomach and near its tail. After talking to the vet, I was explained that the tumor could become cancerous if not treated properly. After examining it, the vet told me that it was indeed a tumor and the right step to do is to get it removed before it spread elsewhere. But before any surgery, the doctor needs to have verification from the owner before proceeding in any type of procedure. Once all liability forms and paper work are completed, the doctor has permission to treat the dog. Hour 5 During my 5th hour there, the owner filled out the paperwork, once everything was completed, the dog was ready to be prepped for surgery. The doctor introduced me to the vet technician who normally preps animals for surgery and showed me the steps in prepping a dog for surgery. First I put the dog on a scale to measure its weight to get the appropriate amount of sedative. Then the vet technician injected the sedative and put a gas mask that gives the dog anesthesia to make sure it falls asleep completely. Once the dog was completely asleep, I got the chance to clean the area around the tumor by shaving the fur so it wouldn’t get in the way of anything. Once the area around the tumor was shaved, the vet tech placed a reddish iodine based liquid in the area to prevent infection during surgery. Hour 6 Now that the dog was completely ready for surgery, it was time to wheel him over to the surgery room. Since being in the surgery room requires you to go through a whole liability process, I could only watch the 1st surgery from outside of the room. Although I saw the surgery from outside the room, I had learned a lot of things that I had not known before. First the doctor used a scalpel to cut around the are a where the tumor was. Then she carefully removed the tumor and placed it in a soluble liquid for further examination. Once the surgery was completed and the tumor was removed, I got an opportunity to watch the doctor stitch the dog’s incision. The most difficult part of this surgery was probably the stitching because you need to make sure the wound is covered up completely to prevent infection. The dog was then wheeled over to a cage where they recover and rest until the anesthesia wears off. Any animal that has just come off of surgery has to be given medications, because like humans, animals feel pain after a surgery. Hour 7 Once the dog started waking up from the surgery, you could tell that a minimum amount of anesthesia was still circulating through its body because it would wake up and daze back to sleep. To make sure every animal gets proper medication and treatment after surgery, the veterinarian places a manila folder outside the cage that contains all the paperwork of the pet with specific instructions for proper care. In the general treatment center, there’s a fully written out schedule that has everything from appointments, surgeries, groomings, and dental cleanings to make sure everyone is on the same page. Although there’s a schedule already made, emergencies and walk-ins are always welcome. When I further examined the schedule, I noticed that it was time for a dog to get neutered. Hour 8 Once the dog came in for its appropriate surgery time, the dog was given anesthesia and not a sedative because there is no need to do so for a simple surgery. After the dog was completely passed out from the anesthesia, the area around the testicles were completely shaved and covered with the iodine-based liquid. Then the dog was wheeled over to the surgery room to begin the neutering process. First the vet made a tiny incision in the center of the testicles and began cutting around the various layers of skin to properly remove the testicles. Now that the testicles were removed and disposed, the doctor tied the vas deferens together and stitched up the scrotum. Since this was a simple surgery, the dog was given no pain medication because unlike the dog that had the tumors, the incision was minor and required no further care. Hour 9 For the 9th hour at the pet vet, Dr. Munson took me to the x-ray room to further analyze some x-rays he had taken earlier. The first x-ray he showed me was of a dog that had broken its leg. He pointed out and explained to me the type of fracture the dog had suffered and the steps it took to repair the leg. When viewing the x-ray, you can see a white rod going through the dog’s femur. He explained to me that it wasn’t actually a rod, but a pin that is hammered down the center of the bone to add support to the bone so it can heal properly. He then showed me an x-ray of a dog that had come in with a possible esophagus problem and had experienced vomiting. The doctor couldn’t figure out what was wrong with the dog. Even with the x-rays, there were no specific signs that gave Dr. Munson a clear idea to what was wrong with the dog. After he showed me more x-rays, I noticed a weird colored substance in the dog’s stomach. He explained to me that he had given the dog some barium to highlight anything abnormal within the dog. Although the barium had not fully spread throughout the dog’s body, Dr. Munson assured me that once it did spread, he would know what was wrong with the dog. Hour 10 I spent the last hour helping the Dr. Munson analyzing microorganisms through a telescope. He showed me various viruses that could potentially harm an animal and showed me a ringworm specimen that he had extracted from a feline earlier that day. I spent my last moments at the Pet vet interviewing Dr. Munson. When I asked him why he decided to become a vet, he simply answered because animals fascinated him. He then told me his life story about studying veterinary science in Minnesota and how he owned his own practice. Although in order to become a vet you must go to school for the same amount of years as a regular doctor, Dr. Munson emphasized that a person has to study what they truly have a passion for. When I asked him what the hardest part of his job was, he answered when you have to put an animal down. The reason why is because sometimes pet owners don’t have the sufficient money to pay for treatment of their pet and sometimes have to resort to putting the animal to sleep. Even though the doctor has the ability to fix whatever is wrong, the owners always have the final decision when it comes down to their pet. After talking with Dr. Munson for a while, he gave me some tips that I can use in life. He told me that when you pursue a career, you must do the best you can to get some experience in that field because when trying to get a job in that area of study, employers prefer people with experience than to someone with no experience. After overlooking the 10 hours I spent at the Pet Vet, I can say that I gained a ton of knowledge and experience that will get me prepared for the field of study I decide to pursue.

The Leadership Member Exchange Theory

The Leadership Member Exchange Theory There are different leadership theories that have been proposed. Some of these are the leadership member exchange theory, transformational leadership theory, path-goal theory and situational approach theory. In this paper the above four theories will be studied in seeking to help the students have a deeper insight into the leadership styles and where they are best applied. Leadership-member exchange theory Also known as LMX or vertical dyad linkage theory it seeks to describe how leaders in groups are able to maintain their position by having tacit exchange agreements with their subordinates. Through the special relationship with the leader the in-group members have access to high levels of responsibility, are influential in decision making and are also able to access resources. However, the members of in-group pay for this privilege by working hard, being committed to task objectives and also share more administrative duties. In addition, these members are also expected to show loyalty and commitment to their leader. On the other hand, the members of out-group have little responsibility, have little influence in decision-making and find it hard to access the resources. The LMX process according to House (1971) has three stages and starts when one joins the group. The first one is the role taking where the member joins the teams and the leader examines his or her capabilities. It is then that the leader decides whether to give this member an opportunity or not. Knox and Inkster (1968) argue that during this stage it becomes important for the leader and the member to lay down a foundation on rules of engagement. The tacit agreement takes pace in the second phase where the informal arrangement takes place between the leader and the member. The role is created for this member, which also comes with benefits. In return this member is supposed to pay by being dedicated and being loyal. Linville, Fischer and Salovey (1989) observe that at this stage trust building is pivotal. As such if the leader feels betrayed he or she is likely to demote the member to the out-group. This stage also involves other factors such as relationships and the similarity with the leader. A member who has similarity is likely to have positive relationships according to this theory. Similarly, in the case where the leader and the member are of same gender this relationship is also likely to be positive as this informal arrangement is often built on respect. More over, this relationship is likely to be affected by culture and race. According to Lippman (1982) the third process in LMX theory is routinization. It is in this phase that a continuous social exchange between the two parties is established. This relationship is built on trust and there is a tendency to find a member of senior teams having similarity with their leader. Maas, Ceccarelli and Rudin (1996) add that the members are reasonable, sensitive, empathetic and are able to follow the idea of their leader. On the contrary the members of the out-group have opposite characteristics. In particular, they are likely to be aggressive, sarcastic and egocentric. Lippman (1982) describes the in-group members as having more confidence, more involved, communicative and being more dependable. In addition, these members go beyond their formal job description and as such the leader reciprocates by expanding their role. The members of the outer group are less compatible with the leader and just report to work, carry out the responsibilities given and go back home. Ainslie (1974) is of the opinion that under this theory the member of the in-group is more productive owing to this social exchange with their leader. Indeed, under LMX there is likely to be less workers turnover, more positive performance, more positive performance evaluations, more promotions, greater participation and support for the leaders vision and positive job attitude (Ainslie, 1975). This theory has strength as those who contribute more are able to enjoy more benefits than new members of the out-group. It identifies the dyadic relationship and underlines the importance of effective leader member exchanges. However, the leaders need to be careful on whom they allow in the in-group and should only bed one on the work performance only. This should not be based on race, ethnicity, sex or religion. The critics of this find it unfair as the members are treated unequally. Transformational leadership According to this theory transformational leadership is a process that changes people. It entails dealing with the emotions, values, standards, ethics and long-term goals. The followers motives and needs are satisfied by having a visionary leadership. The two parties are bound together in a transformations process. According to Bass (1990) the leaders transform the followers through: Making them aware of the importance and the value of the task. Making the followers understand the importance of focusing on the organizational goals rather than individual interest Activating their high-order needs In his argument Bass (1990) finds that charisma is necessary as it helps to invoke positive and strong emotions. In addition, it also causes the followers to identify with the leaders. Charisma is defined as a personality characteristic and gives the holder superhuman powers. It is only possessed by a few and is often regarded to have divine origin. The writer further argues that authentic transformational leadership is based on idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational stimulation and individualized consideration (Ainsworth, 1963). The idealized influence describes the leaders who have strong role models characteristics. The followers are happy to identify and emulate these leaders. Through inspirational motivation the leaders communicate their high expectations to their followers. They followers become inspired and become a part of the organizations goal and vision. On the other hand, through the concept of intellectual stimulation the followers are made to be mo re creative and innovative (Graen Cashman, 1975). This is achieved by the leader giving them the right platform where they challenge their own beliefs and values. The followers are also able to question the values of their leader. By individual consideration the leaders provide an enabling climate in which they listen and address the individual concerns raised by their followers (Granovetter, 1973). This also based on the three moral aspects which include The moral character of the leader The ethical values in the leaders vision. This may either be accepted or rejected by the followers. The level of the morality of social ethical processes that the followers and the leader use. However, Burn (1978) looks at transformational leadership as a prowess in which the leaders and followers are engaged in the mutual process of uplifting, motivating others and lifting up the morality. This theory assumes that a leader who has a high moral position is likely to attract a following. It could also be argued that the leaders appeal to the higher ideals and values which the followers are highly attached to. The followers have a shared background on social values and this encourages them to collaborate rather than each following his or her individual interests. It could be argued that leaders who promote this leadership invoke motivation and instill sense of identity and meaning to the workers. According to a research by Bennis and Nanus the leaders had a clear vision of the future of their establishments (Ainsorth, 1978). In addition, they were social architects and motivated the workers by building trust. This is possible through making a clear position and standing by it. As Bailey (1985) puts it the leaders use creative deployment of self through positive self regard. According to North House (2007) the theory has been well researched since 1970s and shares similar idea with the expectations of the society. Moreover, this theory treats leadership as a process which takes place between the leaders and the followers. A big emphasis is also is put on the followers needs vales and morals. The cons of this theory are that the leader seems to work on his or her own and does not allow input from the followers. It is also elitist and undemocratic and is not likely to work where the decision making is supposed to be a shared responsibility. The four constructs; inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, idealized influence and intellectual stimulation are hard to measure. These constructs are also similar to each other and is hard to make out their difference. A questionnaire ideal for this theory Not at all once in while sometimes Fairly Often Frequently 0 1 2 3 4 Idealized influence (attributes) I go beyond self interest for the good of the group ___ Idealized influence (behaviors) I consider the moral and ethical consequences of decisions ____ Inspirational motivation I talk optimistically about the future ____ Intellectual stimulation I re-examine critical assumptions to question whether they are appropriate ____ Individualized consideration I help others to develop their strengths ____ Situational leadership The leader need not rely on transactional and transformational methods only and the best cause of action that leader has to take depends on situational factors. Some of the factors likely to affect the situational decisions include motivation and the capability of followers. Yukl (1989) identifies six variables. The subordinate effort is concerned with the motivation and the effort put. The subordinate ability and clarity is concerned with followers understanding their role and how to do it. The organization of work is important and looks at how the work is structured and also the utilization of resources. The other variable is the cooperation and the cohesiveness of the group. The availability of resources and support is also important. Finally, Yukl also cites external condition as the sixth variable and defines the need to collaborate with other groups. Tannerbaum and Schmidt (1958) found out that the forces in the situation, in the leader and the followers as the forces leading to the leaders action. Similar sentiments were shared by Maier (1963) who observed that leaders need to look at the possibility of the followers agreeing with certain a decision and also the importance of carrying out that task. As such the leader is encouraged to take a certain action to avoid the implication of failing to do so. According to this style the leader is meant to come up with the style of leadership depending on the willingness and the commitment of the follower in performing a particular task. Directing This becomes necessary where there is low competence and commitment from the follower. The leader is not highly concerned with the relationship between him or her and the follower but makes sure the tasks are carried out. This also becomes necessary as the incompetence is corrected by the role the leader plays. Take for instance a situation where instead of the leader taking a directing role, he or she seeks to find out the reason why the follower is not motivated and why he or she is not capable of carrying out a particular task. This could leave some work undone as the leader will refrain from assigning duties which he feels the follower cannot perform well. The followers also end up having low confidence which affects their output. Coaching This applies when the follower has some competence or is over confident on his or her capabilities. Telling such followers what to do may de-motivate them and resistance is likely to result. This makes the leader to look for an alternative on how to work, clarify and explain decisions. This calls for the leader to spend time listening and advising where he or she feels necessary. The follower is able to refine his or her skills through this coaching. Supporting This is necessary when the follower can do the job but is not putting in enough commitment. This case differs from the above cases as the leader is not concerned with showing the follower what to do. It also becomes important for the leader to engage with the follower to identify the reasons why he or she is refusing to cooperate. Motivation becomes the key to improving the followers performance. The leaders should take time listening and praising the follower whenever he or she makes an achievement. Delegating This according to Hersey and Blanchard (1999) is applicable when the follower is highly competent, is highly committed, is motivated and is able and willing to carry out the various tasks assigned. The follower should be left alone to go on with the delegated duties although a distant eye from the leader is necessary. This is necessary in order to monitor how the follower is progressing. Although the followers do not need support and frequent praise it is recommended for the leader to occasionally recognize their efforts. Normative model According to Vroom and Yetton (1973), decision on acceptance increases commitment and participation increase decision acceptance. The decision quality helps in selecting the best alternative and is applicable when there are several alternatives. This becomes necessary when there are serious consequences for not doing so. The decision acceptance on the other hand is concerned with the acceptance of the decisions the leader makes. Leaders should focus more on decision acceptance than decision quality. Vroom and Yetton (1973) came up with five different decision procedures. The first one is when the leader knows information and then makes the decision alone. The second one is when he or she obtains the information from the followers and then makes the decision alone. These two are autocratic and the followers are sidelined in the decision making. The leader may also opt to share the problem with the followers individually. He or she then listens for their input and makes the decision al one. Alternatively the leader shares the problem with the followers but this time as a group. He then notes down their ideas but makes the decision alone. These two procedures are consultative and the participation of the followers is valued. Finally the leader may shares the problem with the group and the decision is arrived at through consensus. However there are situational factors that are likely to affect these five alternatives. The first two methods are not recommended when the followers possess useful information. In addition, this it is not also recommended when the decision quality is pivotal. When the leader sees decision quality as vital but the members do not then group based decision making should be avoided. This is necessary in avoid the implication of the bad decision making where a consensus solution is arrived at. On the contrary, if the leader feels he or she lacks the right skills and information to handle an unstructured problem a collective a decision arrived through consensus becomes appropriate. Similarly, when the decision acceptance is important and the followers are likely to resist an autocratic decision a leader then the first two methods where the leader sources information from them and then makes the decision are inappropriate. When decision masking is highly valued and the members are unlikely to acceptance each others idea then it is in-appropriate to use the autocratic methods or share the problem with them individually. This is because the differences are unable to be resolved if these methods are used. When the decision quality is not essential but decision acceptance is paramount then a group based decision becomes a must to avoid disgruntled followers. The same case applies when the decision quality is of essence and the followers consent with this. Path-Goal Theory The theory was inspired by Mark G. Evans from the expectancy theory. The perception of the degree to which a particular will result to a certain outcome is important (Dawes, 1996). The leaders behavior should be source of inspiration to the subordinates and should also be able to motivate them. The theory is based on the idea that the leaders should offer encouragement and support to their followers. This is ensured by rewarding the followers. The leader should also clarify the path to the subordinates so they can make a choice on their own. The leader should also remove the hurdles which stand on the followers paths. It is also worthy to point out that the leaders may opt to take a limited or full approach in supporting the members. For instance, the leader may give directions or offer hints. House and Mitchell (1974) argue that under this theory four leadership styles can be found. Directive leadership The leader guides the followers appropriately and directs them what to do. This may also entail offering them time-lines on the duties to be carried out and when. This is also recommended where the task given to the members is unstructured. As such the followers are likely to find it hard understanding the role required Participative leadership The leaders also consult with their followers before arriving at a decision. This becomes even more important when the insight from the members is likely to be invaluable. Supportive leadership In increasing the followers work performance it is necessary to show concern for their welfare. The leader should also create a friendly working environment and this is especially recommended where the work is stressful. Achievement-oriented leadership The leader sets challenging goals in work and for self-improvement. In such an instance, the leader sets high standards which the followers are encouraged to attain. The leader also places a lot of faith in their ability to perform the tasks assigned. When the role is complex this method becomes appropriate. The leaders are meant to show the way which the members are expected to follow. The leadership should have foresight and should be able to see the way of achieving goals in future. The followers depend on the leader for the guidance. It also worth mentioning that this theory assumes that the leaders change their leadership styles according to contextual factors. The theory proposes two contingency variables; environment and follower characteristics (Evans, 1970). These variables affect the behavior outcome relationship. The environmental factors determine the type of leader behavior which is appropriate. This is necessary in order to maximize the follower performance. On the other hand, the follower characteristics are concerned with the locus of control, perceived ability and experience (Deci, 1971). These four styles are receptive to the needs of the followers and adapt towards the prevailing situation making the leader to be more effective.

Influence Of Humanism During The Renaissance Period Music Essay

Influence Of Humanism During The Renaissance Period Music Essay The influence of Humanism during the Renaissance period gave an enormous impact on the development of western music, where the revival in the study of Greek and Latin literature took place that result in new styles of music composed. The word Humanism is derived from the fifteenth century Italian term called umanista, which may be referred to as a scholar or teacher. This includes professions in all divisions such as poetry and philosophy, and thus the gaining of those intellectual properties and knowledge was the main focus of the humanities studies. This intellectual expansion in culture and secular ideologies was the humanism influence that covered vast aspects of peoples perspectives towards their lives during the Renaissance. One of the areas that were certainly affected by Humanism was music, where towards the sixteenth century more and more composers saw music as artistic works rather than mathematics equations, and they should be consisted of individual expression and delight senses. These ideas were supported by humanists and scholars such as Pietro Bembo, who stood as a vital figure on explaining how important the use of sonority in words and also words within the whole phrase was. This greatly affected the way Renaissance composers chose the amount of balance between music and words and the way they interact with each other. Therefore this influence brought up a new dimension in music writing that resulted in a new vocal style, the madrigal. It was one of the most popular music styles of non-religious music in the sixteenth century, and it certainly depicted what the heart of humanism was. The poems that were taken into the use of composing madrigals were secular material that demonstrated human nature, such as love poems. Also the quality of life, living fully and human interests, which were all, part of the secular attitudes that dominated this genre of music. There are plenty of examples from the composers in the sixteenth century that wrote music in the style. One of the most famous madrigal composers was Lucy Marenzio from Italy, and most of his madrigals were about secular topics such as desire and love. In his Hor pien daltro desio composed in 1582, it tells us the love and affection of the Italian poet Luigi Alamanni towards a female called Amaranta. Marenzio cleverly used music to support the individual words and lines to highlight the emotion. For example in this five voices madrigal, the Tenor part begins with a perfect consonant with the Canto part, then falls down a semitone to the F sharp where the word Pien (full) is stressed, in addition it also acts as the leading tone to G. The next word dal-tro meaning (of another) is held for twice the value so that even each of the syllables length various. Moreover, the frequent use of imitation where every voice enters at different times but similar motif as the composer thought suitable. The use of repetition can also be found when the womans name Amaranta is sung as va-ga, A-ma-ran-ta (vague (beauty) Amaranta) which is also almost like a sequence in terms of the melodic contour. At measure 24, all parts arrived on the third line Che dolce suona e canta (Who sweetly ings and plays), which this fulfilment in the texture unleashes the power of vocal harmony completely. Interestingly, when the top voice reaches the word Can-ta (sing), the two syllables spread across three bars are where the running quavers emerge, and plus the F sharp to G figure reappears. As a result, it portrays the beautiful melismatic singing by Amaranta that the poet could die for. This is a great example of showing how effective the use of music on only a single word could give nice additional flavours to the entire line. Next to the end, at line if my dying would increase her life is also another similar example on the word mio (life), which both the Canto and Basso parts are extended over three bars on the tied semibreves suggesting the wish of a longer life. The composer successfully achieved and enhanced the meaning of the poem, whereby usingtechniques to organise the melodic lines working both vertically and horizontally. This level of intellectual and practical manipulation on composing was extremely exceptional and really showed how humanism influenced composers on the way they approached madrigal writings. The second example is from a later date in 1592 by Claudio Monteverdi in his third book of Madrigal called O come à ¨ gran martire, a poem written by Giovanni Battista Guarini. He was one of the most well known poets during the Renaissance, due to the effectiveness of words in his texts that madrigal composers loved to use. In this five voices madrigal starts of at Canto with a long note valued the entire bar on the higher E followed by a short rest, then falls right down to a G sharp. This diminished 6th interval almost paints an actual image of a person saying Oh, how great the suffering is to hold desire on both the first two words as well as the entire line. The word Mar-ti-re (martyr) is also stretched out the longest in the line to emphasize the state of suffering. Furthermore, Monteverdi uses a canon like effect with consecutive entries from the first voice down to the third voice. It is not until third line O soave mio ardore when all voices joins up exposing the ardour feeling from the poet. Also the sense of cadences and starting points are a lot more obvious throughout the piece comparing to Marenzios example, such as at the repetition point in the third line and at the end of that line. Another remarkable point in this madrigal is the call and response that happens on the fifth line between all voices that divides into two parts with Alto alternating between the upper and lower half for over fifteen bars. The fifth line is divided into two parts as sognun ama il suo core and e voi sete il cor mio so that the lower half usually follows what the upper half just sung. This compositional device is rather convincing when it comes to the appearance of the lines over and over again that deeply prints the poets emotion onto the music. The entire madrigal is fulfilled with Monteverdis thoughtful ideas to further embellish the poem, and it has a stronger sense of homophonic texture than Marenzios example. However both composers utilisation of word-painting, imitation and through-composed form, were undoubtedly a revolutionary style that all madrigal composers strived for and This original experience begins early in the madrigals, where it is consciously at work trying to build up a musical style which should be the emotional counterpart of the poetic expression, and truly this collective knowledge is a critical component of what the intention of Humanism was, which of Those who earnestly desire and seek after these are most highly humanized. This movement greatly impacts not only on madrigals, but also the overall development of music as well as the Renaissance society on the whole. The success of madrigal brought its popularity even further, when the advance in music printing took off that drastically increased the speed of music spread, and as a result many international style appeared in their vernacular, and the English madrigals were one of the most directly influenced examples. Thomas Weelkes was among the greatest English madrigal composer around the sixteenth century and in his Lady your Spotless Feature, it seeks to satisfy his perfect image of the lady. The text of this madrigal is derived from the madrigal Donna, il vostro bel viso of another famous Italian madrigal composer named Salamone Rossi. This shows how close the link is between Italian and English madrigalism where Thomas Weelkes was able to interpret the lines into English smoothly and re-through-compose the entire music to suit the local taste. This madrigal is set for five voices with two sopranos, tenors and a bass, starting with a homophonic texture, where the first top three parts form a triadic chord and this gives a strong sense of tonic. When the word fea-ture is sung at the end of the first line, it divides into a descending scale like pattern quavers in thirds with soprano II. This sighing like effect shows how the composer is fascinated by the beauty of the lady. Following that immediately is a short motif based on a crochet, two quavers then four crotchets, distributed at different times on different voices to create the polyphonic texture that contrasts with the first line. This imitative device easily creates an impression into our mind which again reinforces the image of the lady. The strong sense in the use between polyphony and block harmony also appears on the last two lines, where the second last line moves mostly in crotchets aligned with the words building up vertical harmony. Then similarly, the last line creates an eight crotchet notes figure that repeats in various parts of every voice. Surprisingly, at the end of every polyphonic variation, the bass rhythm is always augmented until the start of the next homophonic part, which is almost like a basso continuo used at the end to strengthen the dominant to tonic feel, which in this example is the long sustained A to D. Comparing to the previous madrigals mentioned, this piece has a stronger systematic gesture where the structure is defined not only by the text but also the texture in music especially. The poem itself is also more of a light-hearted and delightful musical setting, which is a fairly popular taste amongst the English madrigal composers. This style of secular composition, which was sometimes set to words of a light and humorous character, found a good deal of favour with many of the most prominent English composers, although serious and pastoral works often appeared also in Weelkes madrigals. Nevertheless, knowing the contrapuntal parts in relation with one another, and also seeing the underlying harmony is the complex but crucial elements in madrigal writings and astonishingly, all three madrigal composers have not only managed to write music for the words but also stretching the meaning of them by exploring the possibilities that suited this genre. This cultivation of secular vocal music was in no doubt, a phenomenal musical development during the sixteenth century. Therefore, the influence of Humanism on madrigal was aimed to uplift the level of emotion and meaning derived from literal materials, and from a teleological perspective it did not only fulfilled its purpose but also set a model for many vocal music genres that came later in the music history such as opera. For that reason the madrigal is undeniably the quintessential humanist musical genre in the sixteenth century.

Stephanie Coontzs What We Really Miss about the 1950s :: I Love Lucy

Part 1: Summary Stephanie Coontz's essay `What we really miss about the 1950's' is an essay that talks about a poll taken in 1996 by the Knight-Ridder news agency that more Americans preferred 1950's as the best decade for children to grow up. Coontz doesn't believe that it is a decade for people to remember fondly about, except for financial reasons and better communication within families. Coontz doesn't believe in it as the best decade because of the votes, the 50's only won by nine percent, and especially not by African Americans. Examples from family and financial issues in the 50's that makes it better than other decades from 20's to 80's. She doesn't believe that the 50's should be taken `literally' because from 50's there were changes in values that caused racism, sexism discrimination against women. Even though the 50's were good, it didn't lead to a better 60, 70, and 80. Part 2: Question I love Lucy was a very popular sitcom in the 1950s. Through humor and plot it brings out more of positive aspects and less of negative aspects for the 1950's that Coontz described in `What we really missed about the 1950s.' After viewing an episode of I Love Lucy, positive aspects of family and financial issues can be clearly seen in the 1950s. The Ricardo's are middle class, Ricky works as a club band leader and Lucy stays home and `poured all her energies into their nuclear family.' (37) This is a positive side of the 1950s because compared to a few decades before, `women quit their jobs as soon as they became pregnant,' (36) and concentrated more on raising children. These families were much more stable and made almost `60 percent of kids were born into male breadwinner-female homemaker families,' (37) which is a important factor for children to have a good childhood. Ricky Ricardo is a Cuban, and with his job, it is probably clear to say that he doesn't have a high education but he can still earn a living to support his family. So in the 50's `there were jobs for people who dropped out of high school' (41) that was also supported by federal assistance programs which helped many families to get through. It seems that in the 50's, wages often increased and there were `corporate pension plans and health benefits' (43) these were maybe why people who were working during the 50's were so in favor of this decade.

The Process of Starting an IV (intravenous) Essay -- Expository Proces

The Process of Starting an IV (intravenous) Several skills are beneficial to the nurse and paramedic, but perhaps one of the most important skills is the ability to place an intravenous catheter into a vein. This procedure is most commonly referred to as â€Å"starting an IV†. In today’s medical community, intravenous cannulation is necessary for the administration of many antibiotics and other therapeutic drugs. Listed below are the procedures and guidelines for starting a successful IV. Following these instructions will provide a positive experience for the patient and clinician. First, you must obtain all of the necessary supplies: gloves, alcohol or Betadine preps, a tourniquet, tape, an appropriately sized IV catheter, a bag of IV solution, the IV tubing, and gauze pads. While obtaining the supplies, you should inform the patient that IV catheter placement is necessary, and why. Do not lie to the patient and tell him or her that it is a painless procedure. Instead, be honest with them and explain that the initial puncture feels like a sharp pinch on the skin and that the pain and discomfort associated with the IV placement is only temporary. You may find it helpful to demonstrate to the patient the amount of pain to expect by pinching the skin on the back of their hand. This is especially helpful for younger patients or patients who are more concrete in their thinking. Now, assemble and arrange all of the needed supplies so that they are easily accessible. Connect the IV tubing to the solution bag and allow the fluid in the bag to run through the entire length of the tubing, also known as priming the tubing. When this is done, clamp the tubing closed. You will then need to tear several pieces of tape, six to eight inche... ...f the clamps on the tubing to allow the IV solution to run freely. Slowly, decrease the flow of the solution to the appropriate rate as ordered by the physician. Using a small gauze pad, wipe away any excess blood or fluid on the surface of the skin. Then, using the pre-torn pieces of tape, secure the catheter hub and the IV tubing to the patient’s skin. Take extra caution not to kink the tubing. Once everything is secured, recheck the IV solution’s flow and then attend to the rest of your patients needs. Starting a successful IV takes practice, time, and patience. Once you have perfected this procedure, you will see that the above steps are simply guidelines to help beginners. As your experience grows, you will develop your own techniques and preferences. Remember these steps, and both you and your patient will have a successful IV catheter placement experience.

Mercedes Lackey :: Free Essay Writer

Mercedes Lackey Dear Mercedes Lackey, You probably get letters from people everyday who say what I’m gonna say, but oh well. See, I am a huge fan of your work, and just recently got told to write a LAL (Letters about Literature) for one of my favorite books, and since I didn’t feel like writing to the judges on your Dragons Bane Trilogy, I decided I would write my letter as if talking to you. As I said before, we have to write a letter explaining our favorite book, so, to explain the Dragons Bane book , I guess I should tell what made it the best. First, of course, it was written by you, my all time favorite author, and also it’s fantasy, which is my favorite genre, but it goes deeper than that, too. It deals with the characters, all of them. I can relate to them so well it’s amazing. I mean with the main girl, let’s say Lila’s her name , godz, we could be twins, except my ears don’t point in the slightest and I don’t have green eyes, but that’s besides the point. In mind, we are practically one in the same. We both are extremely determined and rebellious at times and quite curious all the time. We also both hold a love for animals that is almost second to nothing else. And we’re both tremendously loyal to most of our family. Now, she can mindspeak which I can’t, and she also has magic abilities, which of course I don’t, and I’m real, and she’s not, but you get the point. In essence we are related I guess is what I’m saying. There’s also her â€Å"older brother†, ( I’ll call him Jeff since I can’t remember his name either) the dragon who raised her. It seems as if I’m related to him, too. He’s definitely got a knack with animals, which I’ve already said I have. He also is kind, to everyone, and amazingly enough, that’s another trait I try (key word here; try) to possess since reading this book. But he’s not as close to me as the girl, I have no idea why, except maybe because he’s a he, or he’s a dragon, or he’s not the main character or whatever else differs between them, but he could really be an older brother to me. Then of course, you can’t have a brother without a sister, and you provide one of those, too, one that fits my little sister exactly, actually.

McDonald’s Current Market Strategies Essay

McDonald’s stands as the world’s largest hamburger chain with over 30,000 stores in 120 countries. Yet as strong as it stands in the hamburger industry, it is still vulnerable to price competition and the current federal unemployment rate. In order to try to overcome a low profit margin, McDonald’s is presently pursuing new strategies to help increase its market share in other industries. The primary objectives being targeted includes, growth in sales, increase in profitability and market share. Current Strategies Being Pursued According to CEO, Jim Skinner, McDonald’s â€Å"Plan to Win† strategy includes, â€Å"Giving our customers a unique balance of food and beverage choices is driving performance in every area of the world.† Skinner also stated, â€Å"We’re offering new menu items and classic favorites, including premium and value selections, all for our customers to enjoy in our convenient, contemporary restaurants. We intend to continue our momentum by further enhancing the McDonald’s experience and giving customers even more reasons to visit† (McDonald’ Corp, 2010). They are executing product development strategies by expanding the famous Dollar Menu. Due to constant price competition McDonald’s is trying to increase sales by attracting more customers into their stores by promoting products in the economical Dollar Menu. After evaluating McDonald’s current strategies, one of the leading strategies McDonald’s is trying to achieve is market penetration by focusing efforts on increasing their presence in the coffee industry. Due to recent closures of Starbuck stores and the current high unemployment level, fewer consumers are able to pay a high price for a cup of coffee. This has given McDonald’s an opportunity to enter the coffee industry, and positioning themselves as the low price option by offering free McCafà ¨ mochas every Monday from 7 am to 7 pm to every customer. In addition, by offering an assortment of lower priced coffee drinks McDonald’s is beginning to attract new customers. According to Michael Bauer from SFGate, â€Å"about 48% of Starbucks customers visit McDonald’s at least once a week.† In response to a decline in demand for Starbucks products, they lowered their prices, yet McDonald’s coffee drinks remain 25%-40% cheaper. Coupled with low prices, increasing marketing efforts within the coffee industry has allowed McDonald’s market share to increase by 5.4%. The use of franchising has always been a central strategy to McDonald’s ability for rapid expansion. McDonald’s involvement in forward integration through the use of proceeds from the sale of company owned stores helping finance franchisees and buy back company stock, while paying higher dividends and creating other investments for benefit shareholders (David, 2011, 2009, 2007) clearly implies McDonald’s intention to focus on franchising and not company owned stores. Through strategies such as â€Å"Plan to Win†, McDonald’s has established themselves as a very effective franchise option. Due to the majority of their stores being franchised, McDonald’s Corporation can continue to rely on constant production from franchisees. Conclusion As previously discussed, the strategies McDonald’s is currently pursuing include, but not limited to, market penetration, forward integration, and product development. Each of these strategies are cruicial to McDonald’s success. â€Å"McDonald’s customer focus, menu innovation and the ongoing modernization of our restaurants continue to drive our business momentum,† said Chief Executive Officer Jim Skinner. â€Å"However, there are additional strategies McDonald’s will consider pursuing to ensure economical market advantage and customer satisfaction . References Baertlin L., Wohl, J. McDonald’s October same-store sales up, U.S. slips. (2009, November 09). Reuters. Retrieved November 8, 2010 from http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5A822F20091109 David, F. R. (2011). Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education. McDonald’s Corp. (2010, September 09). Clear Station. Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://clearstation.etrade.com/cgibin/bbs?post_id=9490105&Refer=http://clearstation.etrade.com/doc/newcoming.html McDonald’s Corp. (2010, October 10). Clear Station. Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://clearstation.etrade.com/cgi-bin/bbs?post_id=9530212&Refer=http://clearstation.etrade.com/doc/newcoming.html Shepherd, L. Starbucks’ rivals brew up a coffee war. (2007, March 26). MSN Money. Retrieved November 8, 2010 from http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/Extra/DunkinAndMcDonaldsTakeOnStarbucks.aspx

Full Inclusion Ministry Paper

Albert attends the Br letsville Church of messiah babyrens ministry and has granted the hurt a new insight to a in force(p) cellular inclusion pincerrens ministry schedule. The perform within champion socio-economic class and fiver eld go away be implementing contrary ways in which to develop near inclusion possible for the childrens ministry as vigorous as for the perform building building. This paper find outing tho discuss noetic paralysis and the affects that it has on Albert and his family, as easy as spot ab kayoed the perform and their childrens ministry.Overview of the Brownsville Chi repellant of saviour The unspoiled inclusion ministry that I am proposing is at the Brownsville Church of Christ is a local perform in my home township of Brownsville, New York. The Brownsville Church was built in the late sasss, and was angiotensin-converting enzyme of the depression churches built in the ara until the early sasss. The church was establishe d by a root of Christians who came unneurotic as a abjecter group of believers, which man come ond the LORD by dint of residential district worship. The group of believers whom established the church idolise to startleher in a sm each(a) barn that is right next to the church they had built.Brownsville is a sm wholly community, on that pointfore, the church immediately consists of believers of all ages, small-arm a bully do of attendees argon elderly, their children, and grandchildren. Overall, the hurt is in a fragile state appearing wise however, the church is a scrawny knit family who wel executes all whizz to attend and join their church family, to serving the LORD together. The Church is make and ran by Minister Leon, and has been running it for the past 30 years with his wife Helena. passim the years, the church has acquired two availance that ease Minister Leon run the church, they ar, Chris and Jill.The church clip ar convened often for those who be sentence restricted, they involve Wednesday mornings at am, Thursday evenings at 630 to 730 pm, and Sundays from 1 010-1 1 am, and pm. pass church services be 2 hours, Good Friday from pm, Easter service is am, Christmas eventide service pm, and Christmas Service from 900 am-945 am. The services encourage those to come together and celebrate the birth and sprightliness of our savior, deliveryman Christ. tout ensemble new members ar perpetually welcome, as well as for the vacation services.The purpose for which the church was established was in target for members to meet in a civilized place, and come together to serve the LORD, and honor the value that we as Christians be to uph whiz-magazine(a). through with(predicate) and through coming together as a community, we atomic number 18 honor Gods ideas of sexual union as group to worship, we re in turn worshiping and uniting as a community, a sense of family serving and honoring the LORD. Summary of the Current Chi ldrens Ministry The Brownsville Church of Christ childrens ministry is direct by Richard, who has been the director of the Childrens Ministry and Sunday retort aim computer programme for 17 corporate trustful years.There be currently group meetings on Sunday mornings, with one evening meeting on Thursdays that is specifically for older children, and it raises them with a period where they grass thoroughly discuss biblical ingestings and morality more effectively. The Sunday take aim has our guide on checkers, with an assistant in the tot and sister class live. Miss Claire is the surpass Sunday school instructor in the despoil and toddler class agency, Miss Rebecca is the preschool instructor, Mr.. Joseph is the add adolescent program teacher, and finally Mr.. Brad is the go on teacher for the teen program.There atomic number 18 as well volunteers that assist on the weekend, and they atomic number 18 in the classrooms to tin economic aid to lead teachers in t he childrens ministry. The lead teachers all attain together to engineer a primary theme for their lesson plans, this allow fors siblings the give c atomic number 18 educational discussions t the same time, while meeting the beguile age take aim for each. This conjure ups comradely throughout the chi crook and families within the church, incuring a penny-pinching been all that attend, meeting the ideas brought upon society by God himself.Throughout the early on Childhood C drop off, the children meet for the childrens ministry, at that place are 4 large classrooms for teens, adolescence, preschool, and child/toddlers. All Of the classrooms are all encumbrance soci subject if needed, and withal provide plenty of room for the children to run and bid. The classrooms befuddle been remodeled in youthful years, and are bright and hurtful, with a majuscule mess of colors to promote attainment. each classroom is decorated in spectral sayings, and art pasture produc ed by the students themselves that promote apparitional worship.The educational opportunities that are taught are in regards to the LORD our savior, and promotes Christian values and encourages godly behavior to all students. The children all learn in a period of mold, meaningful, cultivation milieu that provides children with a fun follow out while learning reason adapted nearly the bible. In the infant, toddler, and preschool classrooms they proclivityen to a mint dismissdy of religious songs on Cads including Kids Praise and Veggie Tales. In the teenage children classrooms, they do a lot of childrens bible readings to take care comprehension, and fun activities that are educational and run through biblical meanings. while the young adolescence and teenagers do biblical readings, discussions, and reenact scenes in plays that are often acted out in front of the elders of the church. The boilers suit ideal of the childrens ministry is to teach children about the LORD , and encourage Christianity through fun activities, and moveion. Necessary Key Elements Volunteers The utilization of volunteers is scathing to the success of the childrens ministry, congenitally, these volunteers provide a long deal of assistance to the lead teacher. objet dart the lead teacher provide the important ergodicness and familiarity to encourage the learning process, the assistance burn down walk near and assistant the children who need help or are non doing well, essentially allowing more of the students to start out a meaningful learning experience. This will provide all students with useful k forthwithledge that will be salutary to them as they get older and closer to Christ. Volunteers are useful in the church in a descriptor of ways, including in the childrens ministry.The ministry requests for volunteers that will help assist the program through putting out a list every weekend that is for upcoming volunteers for the interest week, which helps to come across in that respect will be enough providers to bearing for students. The volunteers do a variety of things in the classroom, including assisting students who need help with an activity or with general care for children while they are in the classroom, to accommodate diaper changing, assisting to the bathroom, assist with hand washing, handing out snacks, and getting materials ready for the lead teacher.Overall the terminus of paving volunteers as assistance in the childrens ministry is to bring in extra hands and look in the classroom, and to allow the lead teacher to maintain focus on the classroom as a whole. Having the assistance also provides more individualized attention, while also providing more eyes and ears in the classroom, which to go all over overall safe for all children. prep In suppose for volunteers or early(a) people to produce teachers at our childrens ministry, everyone essential undergo veracious get a line in redact ensure the safety to all children within the ministry which includes genteelness on proper care for hillier with finicky inescapably.The training for lead teachers include a dressingground check, wellnes frighten CPRM certification from the Ameri fucking blood-red Cross, and a basic wellness and safety training program. All lead teachers and volunteers will also be necessitate to lookout man a video in regards to caring for children with particular need, and lead teachers will be learnd to get certification in didactics children with particular(prenominal) health, physical, and/or educational take. This training ensures that if a situation arises, the students will be interpreted care of appropriately and preventative measures are met to ensure their overall health and wellness, as well as the safety of differents.For volunteers, the training is different, since they are on a voluntary ass and because the lead teacher will endlessly be in the classroom, the volunteers dont need a s extensive of training. Therefore, the primary training for a volunteer is that they are certified with CPRM through the Ameri laughingstock Red Cross and verified that they are non a registered sex offender, and upon volunteering will provided a short introductory training way of vivification on childrens health and safety.Generally, volunteers will be repeat volunteers, and Hereford, the training will ensure the volunteer is real interested in the prospect of working with children and promoting the word of God. Materials Albert is a male child within the childrens ministry who is check to a wave chairwoman and at that place are simply steps currently at the building, and thitherfore, there should be wheel chair ramps at entrances to the building for Albert to enter. Along with these ramps there should also be an automatic verge button for Albert to press in order for him to be satisfactory to open the entre to the church and into the classrooms as well.Within the chu rch it-self there should be ramps or even elevators for those who whitethorn not be able to use the stairs, such as Albert or former(a) children and adults that may have difficulties walking up and down stairs. Within the classrooms themselves, the walk areas should be wide enough so that Albert and others stinker maneuver their wheel chairs though, and it is important to ensure that the aisles and pathways are kept clear of toys and any other objects.Located in the corner of the room is a spot for children who may have difficulties with balance or other express mail difficulties with soft patted mats where they have the opportunity to act with teachers or oleanders one on one. The hedge at which everyone is seated should be able to accommodate the needs of Albertan wheelchair, or have a chair in which there is cap great power for Albert to transition to from his wheelchair if he feels at ease with. The playground itself should be encumbrance accessible, and have a few area s in which a child with disabilities are able to play with others without feeling separated from their peers.By ensuring the Albertan overall needs are met as a whole, the environment will be an overall exacting experience for everyone involved, including Albert and Other children that ay have disadvantages in a typic environment. Albert and Information on his Dis susceptibility Albert is an 8 year old boy who has been attending the Brownsville Church of Christ childrens ministry for a little over 4 and a half years at present with his family on a weekly basis. Albert is a very caring and sweet boy who always keyms to have a make a face on his face when roughlywhatone speaks to him.Albert is a special little boy, who has special needs that require some assistance on a day to day basis cod to his diagnosing of intellectual palsy. When Albert was 2 years old he was diagnosed with rational palsy due to having a ascetic case of induce as an infant that was odd untreated, and caused mischievous hardship. His parents eldest spy his delays in rolling over, sitting up, and spook all world signifi arseholetly detain. Unfortunately, Albert was never able to walk and was provided a wheelchair to get around.Through disgustful physical therapy, Albert can take few steps on his own, however, because of his exceptional physical straw man in his disgrace portion of his form, is captive to a wheel chair majority of his days. another(prenominal) medical complication brought on by noetic paralysis is Albertan seizures, and can often come out of nowhere. However, Albert has taken daily medications for years, quaternary generation a day, and they are taken to control and/or cut back the seizures, and decrease the severity.The severity of Albertan rational paralyze is classified as severe, as he has lost mobility and has severe seizures, as well as other internal stultification that is due to the intellectual Palsy. Although Albert is confined to a whe el chair, he makes every effort to be involved in activities that he typic peers are involved in. When play time arises there are always children who like to sit at the board with Albert and do guzzles, color, or simply read a book with him.Alberta communication skills arent that of his typical peers, due to his ripeningal delays that are associated with his diagnosis of rational Palsy however, he makes massive attempt to sociableize with his peers, and announce with those around him with verbal and nonverbal forms of communication. Albert doesnt allow his deadening stop him from having a life, and living a life like his typical peers he is very interested in universe like others, and works hard every day of his life to meet his highest potential. enquiry of rational PalsyEtiology cerebral palsy was first discovered and brought about by an position orthopedic surgeon named William Little in 1861 (Italic, A. & Lurch, H. , 2010). Since the discovery of cerebral palsy by D octor Little, there have been some(prenominal) people who have been interested in studying this disease further to really understand it. The International Journal of nurse Studies states that cerebral palsy is a non- jump onive, neurologic condition, resulting primarily from damage to or malformation of the developing brain (McCullough, N. Parker,J Kerr, C. & McDowell, B. , 2013). The disease does to progress over the years, and will present with Symptoms that do not decline over the years, and is often diagnosed at an early age, typically to begin with the age of 3. The disease can breathe for a variety of reasons, to include random mutations, maternal infections, prenatal complications, alcohol and drug use during maternalism, fetal stroke, and lack of oxygen, infant infections, and traumatic head/brain stigma such as shaken baby syndrome (Mayo Clinic).There is no way to prevent rational Palsy, however, there are precautions that can be taken to decrease the risk of an i nfant developing cerebral Palsy, o include dont drink alcohol, smoke cigarettes, or do drugs during pregnancy, report domestic violence or child abuse, and/or enchant a doctor if you see signs of medical complications during pregnancy or infancy. According to Mayo Clinic, one Of the leading healthcare facilities in the country, the signs to watch for during infancy or preschool years.By winning precautions and monitoring your child at a young age, it would be more practiced to have an early diagnosis, so that they can begin treatment to ensure a prescribed outcome. Prevalence In todays society, it is plumb common to meet an individual adult, child, or arena of a child with Cerebral Palsy. The prevalence has increased over the years, and now affect a great deal of children that are born today. It is common for one to know someone with or who has children with Cerebral Palsy, because of how common the disease is.According to The Gale Encyclopedia, it states that approximately 8, 000 babies and infants are diagnosed with the condition each year (Poplin, S. , Caret, F. , Lour, L. , & Labeler, M. 2011). Cerebral palsy can have galore(postnominal) different symptoms in which parents need to kick back for in order for their children to be diagnosed with this disorder. Although Cerebral palsy can be easy for most children there can be more severe forms in which can lead to more serious complications.Characteristics Characteristics of Cerebral Palsy can present itself in a variety of ways, and some like most diseases, the characteristics of Cerebral palsy can often be more severe for one patient, than it can be with other. While there are some characteristics that are definite between each patient, the overall symptoms depend upon the severity of the disease present. Cerebral palsy can impact the consistence in many different ways, including it can cause delays or price of a persons health and wellness, physical index, intellectual abilities, communication, vision, and hearing.Cerebral Palsy can affect the entire body in a variety of ways, and the symptoms may become more apparent over time, as a child gets older. In general, cerebral palsy causes impaired movement associated with exaggerated reflexes, floppiness or rigidity of the limbs and trunk, supernormal posture, involuntary movements, unsteadiness of walking, or some combination of these ( mayo clinic). The characteristics can dramatically affect a childs overall cleverness to function at a appellatively appropriate age level, and can often require intense therapies and treatment to live a generally normal lifestyle.According to informational Disabilities look for Reviews, other impairments are associated with cerebral palsy which are hip dislocation, displacement and stumper deformities, sleep disorders, excessive drooling, bladder and gut control complaints, and behavior difficulties (McIntyre, S. , Morgan, C. , Walker, K. , & Novak, 1. , 2011). Although cerebral palsy can cause a variety of impairments on different areas throughout the body, not everyone experiences all of these symptoms.These symptoms can be kooky to severe and may not sink at all in some cases, and present themselves significantly different in each person. Prognosis Because of ripening technology, the candidate for Cerebral Palsy is good. In recent years, there was a great deal of studies conducted helped to understand the disease and ultimately interpret a nub of treatment that provides a better quality of life. The quality of life is overall better and a decrease death rate because of medications and treatments, however, a life with cerebral palsy will compose require various appointments, therapy, testing, dedications, and treatments.Although cerebral palsy is a Nan-progressive disease, it can feel as though it worsens as a child ages, because the necessary requirements increase in order to stay as healthy as possible. However, the overall prognosis of a child with cerebral palsy depends upon the severity of the case. While the overall prognosis for mild Cerebral Palsy is good, with severe progression of the disease, there is a chance of the prognosis to become fatal. Generally though, with treatment of the symptoms, the patient has a great chance Of survival.According to The Lancet, if all impairment domains re not severe, survival is only marginally less than that of individuals without cerebral palsy. If severe impairments are present, then life expectation is reduced approximately in symmetry to the number and severity of associated impairments (Solver, A. , Farthest, C. , & Pharaoh, P. , 2014). Current interrogation One research was do to see if the health of children with cerebral palsy changes within a long period of time or whether it stays the same.In this study there were 156 children who had sorticipated within this study. Within this study the parents of the children are asked to answer 50 questions which re base upon differ ent areas of their children functioning areas. The results had shown that there are numerous reasons why health can change over time. It states that in this study we relied on parent report of health status, and it may be that children would have inform a different view of their health status than that of their parents. Relation to monitoring the health of children with ambulant cerebral palsy, nurses need to be aware that several factors take function, age and communication abilities are associated with changes in health status over time (McCullough, N. , Parker, J. , Kerr, C. & McDowell, B. , 2013). Although parents had answered questions about different areas of their childrens overall areas of evoketh there are also other areas of development that can affect the way in which can affect health as well. It would be impossible to determine a child has Cerebral Palsy just by looking at them, therefore, it is essential to conducting testing.Social Dynamics Social dynamics is trul y a significantly important part of any childs overall growth and development. Through maintaining positive healthy relationships, it helps create a healthy balance in a childs life. Colonization is something hat should be treasured in a childs life and children should be encouraged often to cordially interact with other children, in order to develop healthy well-disposed skills. Disorders of Childhood Development and Psychopathology believe that peer relationships serve as rich settings for constitutional learning (Parity, R. , & Troy, M. P. 22, 2014). However, quite often, children with cerebral palsy may have communication or other impairments that may often make their kind dynamics more difficult than their typical peers. It is vital to healthy development, to promote social growth and development therefore, through he encouragement, the child will more likely develop better social skills through parental and educators guidance. One common means for encouraging social dynam ics is to provide students with group activities or class discussions that requires social interaction amongst one another.As an educator or volunteer in the classroom, the primary close is to ensure that students are interacting with one another and that not one child is cosmos treated poorly or left out therefore, as a teacher you are able to foster social relationships in the classroom and to intervene if necessary. league Of Church, Family & School PIE/IFS Goal 1 Although Albert is confined to his wheel chair most of his days, Albert will work with his volunteer for 10 transactions per day. For most of Albertan life he has been confined to a wheel chair and has been qualifying to physical therapy week for 5 years.Recently he has made huge strides and is now able to stand up to 10 proceeding and through continuing the work that is done at therapy, he will be able to make big endeavors in the future. Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide Albert the opportunity to work with his volunteer on his ability to stand with assistance. PIE/IFS Goal 2 delinquent to Albertan limited abilities to lead because of his disability he tends to have frequent flush of call because he is not able to fade with others.Albert will focus on communication more with teachers and peers at least 50% of the time within the classroom. Due to Albert having cerebral palsy this has left him with limited abilities to communicate with others around him. Albert tries to very hard both(prenominal) verbally and non-verbally to communicate with everyone although at times he becomes frustrated and upset. This causes Albert to have outburst and begin o scream due to not being able to communicate with others. This PIE oddment will help Albert to work on his communication skill with his teachers and peers in order to have more positive outcomes.Everyone will work together in order to ensure that the number of outbursts that Albert is having because of foiling will be reduced. PIE /IFS Goal 3 Albert is currently delayed in his make-up abilities due to his disability. Albert will continue to work with his teacher and parents to achieve a 60% increase in his create verbally abilities at the end of the year. This goal of encouraging Albert to repair his writing will help him to use progressing at the rate of his peers. Currently, Albert is severely delayed and has complications with his writing abilities at school, and is in the secant grade with first grade writing abilities.The delay is due to his fine motor skills impaired from the disease Cerebral Palsy therefore, to improve his writing abilities, it would be exigent to work on his pencil seize and coordination and encourage writing in and international of his classrooms and therapies often. PIE/IFS Goal 4 Albert will be able understand more about his religion and eventually have a personal relationship with God. Albert wants to have a deep connection to God, but sometimes ask why God would make him born with an illness like Cerebral palsy.He has the faith and wants to understand, therefore, by providing him with the knowledge he needs in regards to God and the mental hospital of illnesses being separate would be beneficial to his growing religious beliefs. The goal is to recrudesce Albert on the LORDs ability to cure illness, and how if this was possible, it would be done. It is important to provide Albert with the knowledge that we are all created beautiful unique individuals, and we are all beautiful in our own individual says. 2 Corinthians 57 For we walk by faith, not by sight (ESP.).We must have faith and hope in our savior, and recognize that we cannot see all the work he does for us. scheme for Growth of the Ministry One Year In one year in the childrens ministry, it would be beneficial to add in a wheel chair ramp in the front of the church to help those with disabilities enter the building without possibility of injury. The second goal for the church in order to gr ow the childrens ministry would be to ensure the playground is handicap friendly and accessible, as it is currently is not completely handicap accessible, there are areas with mulch that can impair the wheelchairs ability to maneuver appropriately.The last goal for the first year in order to grow the church ministry would be to widen all the doorways throughout the building, to ensure that wheelchairs can get through the doors without struggle. In order to encounter the needs of the church the first year, the church would be required to get volunteers to do work and to have fundraisers for the equipment that is needed in order to improve the overall church and the childrens ministry. Five Year Five year goals to achieve would be to create a summer camp for all hillier to attend, including children with special educational, physical, or medical needs.This would encourage full inclusion, while allowing children who are often not able to attend camps with typical peers, the ability to be in a full inclusion setting. The church also would value from adding an evening support group for parents of children with special needs that would allow families to support one another through their difficult times. Another goal for future changes for the church would be to add a full inclusion Christian based preschool for children to attend from 0-5 years old, and would teach children n education that is refer on religion and the early childhood education standards.Conclusion The childrens min sister that is being proposed at the Brownsville Church of Christ, and is a church that is in a small town in New York. The goal is to provide a childrens ministry that is handicap capable and is able to meet the needs of special needs students. The church currently doesnt have handicap accessibility to enter the building, and could easily scare off a person or family with someone with physical disabilities. In order to promote a well-rounded program that encourages children or adult s with disabilities to get involved in heir community and to do work for the LORD.