'Pregnancy Smoking and the Unborn Child\r'

'This paper discusses the different personal takes of skunk to pregnant woman. The paper is divided into trio instigates. root part of the paper shows the statistical selective information available in the United States about hummer. sulphur part of the paper discusses the different experiments that had been finished by experts to comp be the babies that ar not loose to smoking. Lastly, the trinity part of the paper shows the other complications of photograph to smoking. A conclusion is in any case provided in the stick up part of the paper take in is considered as a habit that had contributed invalidating effects not only to pregnant women but too to people who argon not pregnant. There be two ways of exposure to cig artte mourning band. First is the exposure through original hold smoking, where a person inhales the stinker through smoking and the twinkling hand smoking where a person inhales the so-and-so from the cig artte of another spater. According to s tatistics from the Center for complaint manoeuvre and Development (CDC) (2006) from the Women and Tobacco, tail had been the cause of expiry of 178,000.Further investigation shows that ninety percent of women who had lung cancers can be attributed to smoking. Women who smoke lay down an increased encounter for diseases much(prenominal) as cancer, coronary heart disease and pneumonic diseases. Looking at the national Statistics from the Center for affection Control and Development, thither is an augur of 18.1% of women with ages 18 and higher up is cigarette smokers. Statistics also show that there is an estimate of 18% pregnant women from the ages of 15 to 44 years.As declared above, smoking does not only involve the first hand smoker but also the endorsement hand smoker. Looking at the statistics from the CDC (2006), indorse hand smoke exposure had declined. It was pass on explained that the levels of cotinine had fallen take down by 70% for the years 1988 to 1991 an d 2001-2002. However, even though there has been a decline on the exposure, 126 zillion non-smoking Americans both children and adult are receptive to this second hand exposure. Children according to the figures from CDC are more exposed than adults. To be exact, 60% of the children in the age support of 3 to 11 years old are exposed to second hand smoke.To understand amply the implications on the effect of smoking to the child, an investigation was make by the proponent of the examine. There have been some(prenominal) studies that had been do in the past that can further explain the effect of smoking to children. Josephine Thomas had made an experiment regarding the exposure of children to smoking. Based on the chronicle written by Thomas (2000), the effects that exponent be experienced by children who were exposed to smoke are infertility, coagulation problems, obstetric complications such as extra uterine gestation and placenta previa, and intrauterine fruit retardat ion.Results on the study had also shown that unborn children who had been exposed to baccy smoke could indicate a negative behavior for toddlers and smoking experimentation among adolescents. Mothers who had smoked during pregnancy had scored their children high on toddler negativity, although there are other factors that might influence the children to do so but being exposed to cigarettes had shown that the data prove that the children high on toddler negativity had been exposed. The experts had also experimented on the early experimentation of adolescents with regard to smoking. The results of the study are not clear enough to know. However, experts are speculating that nervous system damage could have happened because of agnate smoking. The damage can be expressed as inattention aggression, depression and anxiety.Another experiment that had been done to canvass the effects of maternal smoking exposure is the potential genetic mutation chromosomes of the babies. Based on the results of the study, there are 12.1% smokers and 3.5% non-smokers who had shown a structural chromosomal abnormaities, 10.5% smokers and 8% non-smokers had shown chromosomal instability and 15.7% smokers and 10.1% non-smokers had shown chromosomal lesions. Among the three changed items, the chromosomal instability and chromosomal lesions pose a risk of cancer and blood malignancies to the child who had been exposed to smoke.Lannero et al. (2006) have another experiment that can be associated with the semblance of smokers and non-smokers. The experts had studied 4,089 babes and had observed the babies up to two months. Questionnaires was utilise by the proponents in order to determine the stipulation of the infants.  Based on the results of the study, it has been proven that maternal smoking increase the risk of recurrent wheezing for babies up to two years of age. Unborn and newlyborn babies are prone to recurrent wheezing.This can also be diagnosed as asthma by the doctor s. Lastly, Rebagliato et al (1995) had correlated the exposure of the babies to smoke and the cant over of the baby born. The experiment was done in Spain. The duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home, work, vehicles and Public places had been collected through a questionnaire. Based on the results there is a very small dissimilarity in the burden of the child that had been exposed. Looking at the results closely, these small difference had been a basis that there is a produce retardation to the child exposed to maternal smoking.There are many more experiments that could have been done by the experts to prove their point about exposure to maternal smoking. Health unafraids had shown all the possible effects of maternal smoking. Smoking is said to limit the amount of nutrients and oxygen that would counterbalance the unborn child. According to the American Lung Association, maternal smoking brings about several negative effects to the baby.This let in miscarri ages, still births, very low birth weight and could also result to a sudden infant death syndrome. Other implications of having been exposed to maternal smoke is that the newly-born children suffers more from lung problems, learning deficiencies and behavioral problems. As verbalise above, behavioral problems are one of the implications of tobacco prenatal exposure. Ear infections are also possible. Breast provide mothers are also discouraged to smoke because the chemicals in the cigarettes could enter the breast milk of the mother such as nicotine and carbon monoxide and this can be passed on to the baby.The child and the mother are closely associate together because when women are pregnant, the child and the mother lot the similar body, inhales the same air and eats the same food. Having a child is very sensitive because any(prenominal) the mother does to herself affects the baby. If the mother is a cigarette addict, then she must try to curb her habits well to reverse put ting that child that she is carrying at risk. There are many implications, and complications that the child can experience if he or she is exposed to smoking. As much as possible, it is really not advisable to smoke or be surrounded by smokers if a grouchy person is pregnant. Not smoking a cigarette jocks the mother avoid the first hand smoke exposure. However in public places, mothers should take good care that they are not exposed to smokers. hour Hand smoke exposure also has an effect on the baby.The website Healthgoods.com had enumerated several tips to blockade smoking to help mothers avoid risking their child’s life. It would be laboursaving for pregnant women who are addicted to cigarettes to read websites, pamphlets or ask advice from a doctor to help them stop their habits of smoking.REFERENCESCenters for Disease Control and Prevention  (November 2006). Women and Tobacco. Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from department of Health and valet Services. Website: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/women_tobacco.htm bunt of Dimes Birth Defects root (2007). Smoking and Pregnancy. Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from Health Goods. Website:Medical Studies/Trials (9 March 2005). Maternal Smoking During Preganancy Associated with Chromosomal Abnormalities. Retrieved last January 22, 2008 from  intelligence service Medical.net. Website: http://www.news-medical.net/?id=8330Thomas, J. (2000) Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Associated With Negative bambino Behavior and Early Smoking Experimentation. Retrieved last November 22, 2008 from National Institute on Drug Abuse. Website: http://www.nida.nih.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol16N1/Maternal.htmlCenters for Disease Control and Prevention  (October 2006). Trends in Secondhand pinhead scene Among U.S. Nonsmokers: Progress and Gaps. Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from Department of Health and Human Services. Website: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/Secondhand Trends.htmRebagliato,M., Florey, C.D. and Bolumar, F. (1995) Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Nonsmoking Pregnant Women in Relation to Birthweight.  Retrieved last January 20, 2008 from  American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 142 No. 5 pp. 531-537 . Website: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/ nitty-gritty/abstract/142/5/531\r\n'